gwrthod

Welsh

Etymology

From gwrth- (“contra-”) +‎ the stem of either dodi (“put, place”) or odi (“hurl”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡʊrθɔd/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

gwrthod (first-person singular present gwrthodaf)

1. to refuse

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gwrthodaf	gwrthodi	gwrthyd	gwrthodwn	gwrthodwch	gwrthodant	gwrthodir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gwrthodwn	gwrthodit	gwrthodai	gwrthodem	gwrthodech	gwrthodent	gwrthodid
preterite	gwrthodais	gwrthodaist	gwrthododd	gwrthodasom	gwrthodasoch	gwrthodasant	gwrthodwyd
pluperfect	gwrthodaswn	gwrthodasit	gwrthodasai	gwrthodasem	gwrthodasech	gwrthodasent	gwrthodasid, gwrthodesid
present subjunctive	gwrthodwyf	gwrthodych	gwrthodo	gwrthodom	gwrthodoch	gwrthodont	gwrthoder
imperative	—	gwrthoda	gwrthoded	gwrthodwn	gwrthodwch	gwrthodent	gwrthoder
verbal noun	gwrthod
verbal adjectives	gwrthodedig gwrthodadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gwrthoda i, gwrthodaf i	gwrthodi di	gwrthodith o/e/hi, gwrthodiff e/hi	gwrthodwn ni	gwrthodwch chi	gwrthodan nhw
conditional	gwrthodwn i, gwrthodswn i	gwrthodet ti, gwrthodset ti	gwrthodai fo/fe/hi, gwrthodsai fo/fe/hi	gwrthoden ni, gwrthodsen ni	gwrthodech chi, gwrthodsech chi	gwrthoden nhw, gwrthodsen nhw
preterite	gwrthodais i, gwrthodes i	gwrthodaist ti, gwrthodest ti	gwrthododd o/e/hi	gwrthodon ni	gwrthodoch chi	gwrthodon nhw
imperative	—	gwrthoda	—	—	gwrthodwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Synonyms

• gwarafun
• pallu
• nacáu
• gomedd

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gwrthod	wrthod	ngwrthod	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.