pernix
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Connected with perna (“ham, haunch”), though the expected form would be *pernāx.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈper.niːks/, [ˈpɛrniːks̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈper.niks/, [ˈpɛrniks]
Adjective[edit]
pernīx (genitive pernīcis, comparative pernīcior, superlative pernīcissimus, adverb pernīciter); third-declension one-termination adjective
Usage notes[edit]
According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.
On the other hand, pernīx and vēlōx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)
Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.
Declension[edit]
Third-declension one-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | pernīx | pernīcēs | pernīcia | ||
| Genitive | pernīcis | pernīcium | |||
| Dative | pernīcī | pernīcibus | |||
| Accusative | pernīcem | pernīx | pernīcēs | pernīcia | |
| Ablative | pernīcī | pernīcibus | |||
| Vocative | pernīx | pernīcēs | pernīcia | ||
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “pernix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pernix”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pernix in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Clark, John (1893): Manual of Linguistics: A Concise Account of General and English Phonology, with Supplementary Chapters on Kindred Topics, p. 51