qd

See also: QD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼoːtʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼoːtʼ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: qed

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to build

Inflection

Conjugation of qd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: qd, geminated stem: qdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
qd	qdw, qd	qdt	qd, j.qd	qd, j.qd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
qd	ḥr qd	m qd	r qd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	qd.n	qdw, qd	consecutive	qd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	qdt
perfective3	qd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	qd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	qd, j.qd1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	qd	qdd	potentialis1	qd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	qd, j.qd1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	qd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	qd	active + .tj1, .tw2	qd	qdd, qddj6, qd2, qdw2 5, qdy2 5
imperfective	j.qd1, qd, qdy, qdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.qd1, j.qdw1 5, qd, qdj6, qdy6	qd, qdw5
prospective	qd, qdtj7	—	qdtj4, qdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd  

qd	qd

Derived terms

• jqdw

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)

Noun

 m

1. form
2. character, nature
3. extent

Inflection

Declension of qd (masculine)

singular	qd
dual	qdwj
plural	qdw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd  

qd

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 35, 232, 391.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
• "qd (to build)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162420); "qd (form)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162430)