sḏfꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḏfꜣ (“to provision”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsicʼfiʀ/ → /ˈsitʼfiʀ/ → /ˈsetʼfə/ → /ˈsetʼf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsicʼfiʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsitʼfiʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsetʼfə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsetʼf/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛd͡ʒɛfɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sedjefa

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to supply (people, gods, or lands) with food, to feed (+ m: with)
2. (transitive) to supply or endow (altars or temples) with offerings (+ m: with)
3. (transitive) to supply, provide to, or endow in general (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of sḏfꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sḏfꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḏfꜣ	sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ	sḏfꜣt	sḏfꜣ	sḏfꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḏfꜣ	ḥr sḏfꜣ	m sḏfꜣ	r sḏfꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sḏfꜣ.n	sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ	consecutive	sḏfꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sḏfꜣt
perfective3	sḏfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sḏfꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sḏfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy	sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy	potentialis1	sḏfꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sḏfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḏfꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sḏfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḏfꜣ	sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣw5, sḏfꜣy5
imperfective	sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy, sḏfꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣj6, sḏfꜣy6	sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣw5
prospective	sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣtj7	—	sḏfꜣwtj1 4, sḏfꜣtj4, sḏfꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḏfꜣ  

sḏfꜣ

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383.1–383.22, 384.1–384.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 259