sedeo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sedēō, from earlier *sedējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti (eh₁-stative), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, the same root as sīdō (“I settle, I sink down”).

Cognates include Sanskrit सीदति (sī́dati), Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (English sit).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈse.de.oː/, [ˈs̠ɛd̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈse.de.o/, [ˈsɛːd̪eo]

Verb

sedeō (present infinitive sedēre, perfect active sēdī, supine sessum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to sit, to be seated
2. to sit in an official seat; sit in council or court, hold court, preside
3. to keep the field, remain encamped
4. to settle or sink down, subside
5. to sit still; remain, tarry, stay, abide, linger, loiter; sit around
6. (figuratively) to hold or hang fast or firm; to be established, settled, fixed, determined, resolved
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.15:

     “Sī mihi nōn animō fīxum immōtumque sedēret, [...].”

     “If for me it were not resolved — in my mind, fixed and immovable — [...].”

7. (Medieval Latin, Ibero-Romance) to be

   Pueri claustrales et bachalarii descendant in fine scalæ dormitorii, et illic sedeant.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

This verb lacks almost all passive forms. Only the third-person singular passive forms are known.

Conjugation of sedeō (second conjugation, impersonal in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sedeō	sedēs	sedet	sedēmus	sedētis	sedent
	imperfect	sedēbam	sedēbās	sedēbat	sedēbāmus	sedēbātis	sedēbant
	future	sedēbō	sedēbis	sedēbit	sedēbimus	sedēbitis	sedēbunt
	perfect	sēdī	sēdistī	sēdit	sēdimus	sēdistis	sēdērunt, sēdēre
	pluperfect	sēderam	sēderās	sēderat	sēderāmus	sēderātis	sēderant
	future perfect	sēderō	sēderis	sēderit	sēderimus	sēderitis	sēderint
passive	present	—	—	sedētur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	sedēbātur	—	—	—
	future	—	—	sedēbitur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	sessum est	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	sessum erat	—	—	—
	future perfect	—	—	sessum erit	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sedeam	sedeās	sedeat	sedeāmus	sedeātis	sedeant
	imperfect	sedērem	sedērēs	sedēret	sedērēmus	sedērētis	sedērent
	perfect	sēderim	sēderīs	sēderit	sēderīmus	sēderītis	sēderint
	pluperfect	sēdissem	sēdissēs	sēdisset	sēdissēmus	sēdissētis	sēdissent
passive	present	—	—	sedeātur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	sedērētur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	sessum sit	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	sessum esset, sessum foret	—	—	—
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	sedē	—	—	sedēte	—
	future	—	sedētō	sedētō	—	sedētōte	sedentō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		sedēre	sēdisse	sessūrum esse	sedērī	sessum esse	—
participles		sedēns	—	sessūrus	—	sessum	sedendum
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		sedendī	sedendō	sedendum	sedendō	sessum	sessū

Derived terms

• assideō
• circumsedeō
• dissideō
• duābus sellīs sedeō
• dēsideō
• obsideō
• persedeō
• possideō
• praesideō
• resideō
• sedentārius
• sedibilis
• sedimen
• sedimentum
• sedēns
• sedīle
• sella
• sessibulum
• sessilis
• sessim
• sessimonium
• sessitō
• sessiō
• sessor
• sessus
• supersedeō
• sēdulus
• sēdēs
• sēdō
• īnsideō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: shed
  • Istro-Romanian: șed
  • Megleno-Romanian: șǫd
  • Romanian: ședea
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: sedere
• Padanian:
  • Romansch: seser, ser, sezzer
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: seure
  • French: seoir
  • Gascon: sèser, séter, ser
  • Occitan: sèire, sièire
• Ibero-Romance (subsequently merged into descendants of essere)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: seer
  • Old Spanish: seer
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: sèdere, sèere, sei, sèiri, sere

References

• “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sedeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre
    
  • (ambiguous) to sit with folded arms; to be inactive: compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13)
    
  • (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere
    
  • (ambiguous) the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)