Egyptian [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] s- ( causative prefix ) + fḫ ( “ to loosen, to give up ” ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ] caus. 2-lit.
( transitive ) loosen , to untie (ropes , etc.)
Synonym: wḥꜥ ( transitive ) unlatch , to release ( transitive ) take off (clothes , adornments , etc.)( transitive ) purify oneself of, to remove (evil )Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of sfḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sfḫ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
sfḫt , sfḫ sfḫw , sfḫ sfḫt sfḫ sfḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
sfḫ ḥr sfḫ m sfḫ r sfḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
sfḫ.n sfḫw , sfḫ consecutive
sfḫ.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
sfḫt
perfective 3
sfḫ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
sfḫ.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
sfḫ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
sfḫw , sfḫ , sfḫy sfḫw , sfḫ , sfḫy potentialis1
sfḫ.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
sfḫ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
sfḫ.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
sfḫ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 sfḫ sfḫ , sfḫw 5 , sfḫy 5
imperfective
sfḫ , sfḫy , sfḫw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 sfḫ , sfḫj 6 , sfḫy 6 sfḫ , sfḫw 5
prospective
sfḫ , sfḫtj 7 —
sfḫwtj 1 4 , sfḫtj 4 , sfḫt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References [ edit ] Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1930 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 116.2–117.5 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 225 
