smꜣ

Egyptian[edit]

3-lit.

Conjugation of smꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: smꜣ, geminated stem: smꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
smꜣ	smꜣw, smꜣ	smꜣt	smꜣ	smꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
smꜣ	ḥr smꜣ	m smꜣ	r smꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	smꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	smꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	smꜣ	smꜣ, smꜣw⁵, smꜣy⁵
imperfective	smꜣ, smꜣy, smꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	smꜣ, smꜣj⁶, smꜣy⁶	smꜣ, smꜣw⁵
prospective	smꜣ, smꜣtj⁷	—	smꜣtj⁴, smꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of smꜣ

smꜣw

smꜣ

From after the ꜣ became silent; the second m
is thus actually a phonetic complement of the first mꜣ

m

Declension of smꜣ (masculine)

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 169, 186, 213.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 96