swrd

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ wrḏ (“to be(come) weary”). A spelling with ḏ is unattested.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛwɛrɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: sewered

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to weary, to exhaust (someone) [Middle Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21:

     jr r.k m ḫrt-jb.k swrd pw ḏd n.k

     Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”). It’s tiring to talk to you.

Inflection

Conjugation of swrd (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: swrd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
swrd	swrdw, swrd	swrdt	swrd	swrd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
swrd	ḥr swrd	m swrd	r swrd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	swrd.n	swrdw, swrd	consecutive	swrd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	swrdt
perfective3	swrd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	swrd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	swrd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	swrdw, swrd, swrdy	swrdw, swrd, swrdy	potentialis1	swrd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	swrd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	swrd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	swrd	active + .tj1, .tw2	swrd	swrd, swrdw5, swrdy5
imperfective	swrd, swrdy, swrdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	swrd, swrdj6, swrdy6	swrd, swrdw5
prospective	swrd, swrdtj7	—	swrdwtj1 4, swrdtj4, swrdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swrd  

swrd

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 71.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 217