trux
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Of unclear origin.
De Vaan prefers to connect the word to Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”), assuming a sound change from Proto-Indo-European *dr- > Latin tr-. However, this assumes that the Celtic form derives from a Proto-Indo-European root starting with *dr- (instead of a different consonant cluster like *dʰr-), which is far from certain.[1]
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-, a metathesis of *turḱ-, zero-grade of *twerḱ- (“to cut”). In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and others in Sanskrit and Hittite.[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /truks/, [t̪rʊks̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /truks/, [t̪ruks]
Adjective[edit]
trux (genitive trucis, comparative trucior, superlative trucissimus, adverb truciter); third-declension one-termination adjective
- wild, rough, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious
- Synonyms: ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, acerbus, sevērus
- Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
- grim, stern
Declension[edit]
Third-declension one-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | trux | trucēs | trucia | ||
| Genitive | trucis | trucium | |||
| Dative | trucī | trucibus | |||
| Accusative | trucem | trux | trucēs | trucia | |
| Ablative | trucī truce |
trucibus | |||
| Vocative | trux | trucēs | trucia | ||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- → Italian: truce
References[edit]
- “trux”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “trux”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- trux in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1102
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 631
- ^ Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English
Maltese[edit]
| Root |
|---|
| t-r-x |
| 4 terms |
Etymology[edit]
From Arabic. The Maltese plural directly continues طُرْش (ṭurš), plural of أَطْرَش (ʔaṭraš). The singular might go back to an intensive/frequentative form *طَرُوش (*ṭarūš) or might be a backformation from truxija (“deafness”). There is also a possibility of Aramaic influence; compare Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
trux (feminine singular truxa, plural torox, diminutive trajjax or trajjex)
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives of one termination
- Maltese terms belonging to the root t-r-x
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Aramaic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese adjectives