vicesimus
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Latin[edit]
| 200 | ||||
| ← 10 | [a], [b], [c] ← 19 | XX 20 |
30 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2[a], [b] | ||||
| Cardinal: vīgintī Ordinal: vīcēsimus, vīgēsimus, vīcēnsimus, vīgēnsimus, vīcēnsumus Adverbial: vīciēs, vīciēns, vīgēsiēs Distributive: vīcēnus, vīgēnus Fractional: vīcēsimus, vīgēsimus, vīcēnsimus, vīgēnsimus, vīcēnsumus | ||||
Alternative forms[edit]
- vīkēnsumos (Old Latin)
- vīcēnsimus, vīcēnsumus, vīcēnsimes, vīcēsimes
- vīgēsimus, vīgēnsimus, vīgēnsimes, vīgēsimes
Etymology[edit]
From the stem *vīcent- of vīgintī (“twenty”) before the replacement of /k/ with /ɡ/, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(d)widḱm̥ti(h₁). Particularly:
- Remodeling of earlier *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *widḱm̥t-tós (“twentieth”),[note 1] with the added suffix of dec-imus.[1]
- Or, inherited from Proto-Italic *wīkenssamos, a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European *widḱm̥t-tm̥Hós, containing the superlative suffix *-tm̥Hós (“-est”) (compare -issimus) as used also in Sanskrit विंशतिम (viṃśatima), विंशतितम (viṃśatitama, “twentieth”).[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯iːˈkeː.si.mus/, [u̯iːˈkeːs̠ɪmʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /viˈt͡ʃe.si.mus/, [viˈt͡ʃɛːs̬imus]
Numeral[edit]
vīcēsimus (feminine vīcēsima, neuter vīcēsimum); first/second-declension numeral
Declension[edit]
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | vīcēsimus | vīcēsima | vīcēsimum | vīcēsimī | vīcēsimae | vīcēsima | |
| Genitive | vīcēsimī | vīcēsimae | vīcēsimī | vīcēsimōrum | vīcēsimārum | vīcēsimōrum | |
| Dative | vīcēsimō | vīcēsimō | vīcēsimīs | ||||
| Accusative | vīcēsimum | vīcēsimam | vīcēsimum | vīcēsimōs | vīcēsimās | vīcēsima | |
| Ablative | vīcēsimō | vīcēsimā | vīcēsimō | vīcēsimīs | |||
| Vocative | vīcēsime | vīcēsima | vīcēsimum | vīcēsimī | vīcēsimae | vīcēsima | |
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Catalan: vigèsim
- Italian: vicesimo, vigesimo
- English: vicesimation, vigesimal
- Portuguese: vigésimo
- Spanish: vigésimo
Notes[edit]
- ^ The innovative use of *-tos to create ordinals and fractionals (“-th”) is found in several other branches of Indo-European. Sihler explains that it may have originated by metanalysis of *dḱm̥t-ós as *dḱm̥-tós, from which the *-t- was then applied analogically to other numerals. This was apparently early enough to trigger the dissimilatory rule *TT > *TˢT (>> Latin ss).
References[edit]
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 399, page 433
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vīgintī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 678
Further reading[edit]
- “vicesimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vicesimus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vicesimus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.