ymestyn

Welsh

Etymology

From ym- +‎ estyn (“to extend, to stretch”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /əˈmɛsdɨ̞n/, [əˈmɛstɨ̞n]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /əˈmɛsdɪn/, [əˈmɛstɪn]
• Rhymes: -ɛsdɨ̞n

Verb

ymestyn (first-person singular present ymestynnaf)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to extend, to stretch, to lengthen (also figurative)

   Mae’r dydd yn ymestyn cam ceiliog.

   The daylight is gradually getting longer. (literally, "…getting longer [the length of] a cockerel’s step", referring to daylight between the winter solstice and Christmas)

   Mae angen i mi ymestyn fy nghoesau.

   I need to stretch my legs.

2. (archaeology) to advance, to expand

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	ymestynnaf	ymestynni	ymestyn, ymestynna	ymestynnwn	ymestynnwch	ymestynnant	ymestynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	ymestynnwn	ymestynnit	ymestynnai	ymestynnem	ymestynnech	ymestynnent	ymestynnid
preterite	ymestynnais	ymestynnaist	ymestynnodd	ymestynasom	ymestynasoch	ymestynasant	ymestynnwyd
pluperfect	ymestynaswn	ymestynasit	ymestynasai	ymestynasem	ymestynasech	ymestynasent	ymestynasid, ymestynesid
present subjunctive	ymestynnwyf	ymestynnych	ymestynno	ymestynnom	ymestynnoch	ymestynnont	ymestynner
imperative	—	ymestyn, ymestynna	ymestynned	ymestynnwn	ymestynnwch	ymestynnent	ymestynner
verbal noun	ymestyn
verbal adjectives	ymestynedig ymestynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	ymestynna i, ymestynnaf i	ymestynni di	ymestynnith o/e/hi, ymestynniff e/hi	ymestynnwn ni	ymestynnwch chi	ymestynnan nhw
conditional	ymestynnwn i, ymestynswn i	ymestynnet ti, ymestynset ti	ymestynnai fo/fe/hi, ymestynsai fo/fe/hi	ymestynnen ni, ymestynsen ni	ymestynnech chi, ymestynsech chi	ymestynnen nhw, ymestynsen nhw
preterite	ymestynnais i, ymestynnes i	ymestynnaist ti, ymestynnest ti	ymestynnodd o/e/hi	ymestynnon ni	ymestynnoch chi	ymestynnon nhw
imperative	—	ymestynna	—	—	ymestynnwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• ffabrig ymestyn (“stretch fabric”)
• olion ymestyn (“stretch marks”)
• ymestyn gorchymyn (“to extend an order”)
• ymestyniad (“stretch, extension”)
• ymestynnol (“stretching, extensive, extended”)

 

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ymestyn	unchanged	unchanged	hymestyn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “estynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies