zmiana

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See also: zmianą

Kashubian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienic.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmjana/
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun[edit]

zmiana f

  1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
  2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
  3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)

Derived terms[edit]

adjective
adverb

Related terms[edit]

noun
verbs

Further reading[edit]

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “zmjana”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎[2] (in Kashubian), page 271
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[3], volume 2, page 1579
  • “zmiana”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić. First attested in the 16th century.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈzmja.na/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun[edit]

zmiana f

  1. change, shift (process or result of not being the same as before)
  2. change (process or result of replacing someone or something)
  3. shift (time in which a different group of workers start working)
    pierwsza/druga/trzecia zmiana ― first/second/third shift
  4. shift (workers working at such a time)
  5. change (set of sheets for sleeping)
  6. (obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)
    Synonym: odsłona
  7. (obsolete, agriculture) division of a field during crop rotation

Declension[edit]

Declension of zmiana
singular plural
nominative zmiana zmiany
genitive zmiany zmian
dative zmianie zmianom
accusative zmianę zmiany
instrumental zmianą zmianami
locative zmianie zmianach
vocative zmiano zmiany

Derived terms[edit]

adjective
adverb
noun

Related terms[edit]

adverb
nouns
verbs

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zmiana is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 80 times in scientific texts, 36 times in news, 68 times in essays, 19 times in fiction, and 6 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 209 times, making it the 265th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zmiana”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “zmiana”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 777

Further reading[edit]

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmiynić.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈzmjana/
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Syllabification: zmia‧na

Noun[edit]

zmiana f (diminutive zmianka or zmiynka)

  1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
  2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
  3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)

Related terms[edit]

verbs

Further reading[edit]

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