ó

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "o"
ó U+00F3, ó
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
Composition:o [U+006F] + ◌́ [U+0301]
← ò
[U+00F2] 		Latin-1 Supplement ô →
[U+00F4]

Czech[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (lower case, upper case Ó)

  1. the 24th letter of the Czech alphabet, after o and before p

Interjection[edit]

ó

  1. oh

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From contraction of preposition a (“to, towards”) + masculine definite article o (“the”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Contraction[edit]

ó m (feminine á, masculine plural ós, feminine plural ás)

  1. Alternative spelling of ao

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈoː]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -oː

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Uralic *oma (“old, previous”).[1] Cognate with Finnish ammoin (“very long ago”), Estonian ammu (“once upon a time, long ago”), Northern Sami oames (“past, old”), and Erzya умок (umok, “a long time ago”). Compare agg (“aged”), avas (“rancid”), avul (“to become obsolete”), avítt (“antiquated”).

Adjective[edit]

ó (comparative óbb, superlative legóbb)

  2. (archaic, except in compounds) old, ancient, antique
    Synonyms: antik, ódon, régi, ősi
    Antonyms: mai, új
    Coordinate terms: (as prefixes indicating historical periods) ős, közép, új
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ó ók
accusative ót ókat
dative ónak óknak
instrumental óval ókkal
causal-final óért ókért
translative óvá ókká
terminative óig ókig
essive-formal óként ókként
essive-modal — —
inessive óban ókban
superessive ón ókon
adessive ónál óknál
illative óba ókba
sublative óra ókra
allative óhoz ókhoz
elative óból ókból
delative óról ókról
ablative ótól óktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		óé óké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		óéi ókéi
Derived terms[edit]
Compound words, excluding peoples and languages
Compound names for peoples and languages

Etymology 2[edit]

An onomatopoeia.[2]

Interjection[edit]

ó

  1. oh!
    Synonyms: óh, jaj, ja, juj, hű
    Ó, értem már! ― Oh, I understand now!

See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

See óv.

Verb[edit]

ó

  2. (archaic) Alternative form of óv (“to protect, to guard”).
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of ó
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. óvok ósz ó óvunk ótok ónak
Def. óvom óvod ója ójuk ójátok óják
2nd-p. o. ólak ―
Past Indef. óttam óttál ótt óttunk óttatok óttak
Def. óttam óttad ótta óttuk óttátok ótták
2nd-p. o. óttalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. óni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. óvék óvál óva óvánk óvátok óvának
Def. óvám óvád óvá óvánk óvátok óvák
2nd-p. o. óválak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ó vala, ótt vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. óvandok óvandasz óvand óvandunk óvandotok óvandanak
Def. óvandom óvandod óvandja óvandjuk óvandjátok óvandják
2nd-p. o. óvandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. ónék ónál óna ónánk ónátok ónának
Def. ónám ónád óná ónánk
(or ónók) 		ónátok ónák
2nd-p. o. ónálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ótt volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. ójak ój or
ójál 		ójon ójunk ójatok ójanak
Def. ójam ódd or
ójad 		ója ójuk ójátok óják
2nd-p. o. ójalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ótt légyen
Infinitive óni ónom ónod ónia ónunk ónotok óniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
óvás óvó ótt óvandó óva (óván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of ó
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. óhatok óhatsz óhat óhatunk óhattok óhatnak
Def. óhatom óhatod óhatja óhatjuk óhatjátok óhatják
2nd-p. o. óhatlak ―
Past Indef. óhattam óhattál óhatott óhattunk óhattatok óhattak
Def. óhattam óhattad óhatta óhattuk óhattátok óhatták
2nd-p. o. óhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. óhaték óhatál óhata óhatánk óhatátok óhatának
Def. óhatám óhatád óhatá óhatánk óhatátok óhaták
2nd-p. o. óhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. óhat vala, óhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. óhatandok or óvandhatok óhatandasz or óvandhatsz óhatand or óvandhat óhatandunk or óvandhatunk óhatandotok or óvandhattok óhatandanak or óvandhatnak
Def. óhatandom or óvandhatom óhatandod or óvandhatod óhatandja or óvandhatja óhatandjuk or óvandhatjuk óhatandjátok or óvandhatjátok óhatandják or óvandhatják
2nd-p. o. óhatandalak or óvandhatlak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. óhatnék óhatnál óhatna óhatnánk óhatnátok óhatnának
Def. óhatnám óhatnád óhatná óhatnánk
(or óhatnók) 		óhatnátok óhatnák
2nd-p. o. óhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. óhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. óhassak óhass or
óhassál 		óhasson óhassunk óhassatok óhassanak
Def. óhassam óhasd or
óhassad 		óhassa óhassuk óhassátok óhassák
2nd-p. o. óhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. óhatott légyen
Inf. (óhatni) (óhatnom) (óhatnod) (óhatnia) (óhatnunk) (óhatnotok) (óhatniuk)
Positive adjective óható Neg. adj. óhatatlan Adv. part. (óhatva / óhatván)
Derived terms[edit]
Expressions

Etymology 4[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (lower case, upper case Ó)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.
  2. Abbreviation of óra (“hour[s], o’clock”).
    Coordinate terms: p, mp
Declension[edit]
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ó ó-k
accusative ó-t ó-kat
dative ó-nak ó-knak
instrumental ó-val ó-kkal
causal-final ó-ért ó-kért
translative ó-vá ó-kká
terminative ó-ig ó-kig
essive-formal ó-ként ó-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive ó-ban ó-kban
superessive ó-n ó-kon
adessive ó-nál ó-knál
illative ó-ba ó-kba
sublative ó-ra ó-kra
allative ó-hoz ó-khoz
elative ó-ból ó-kból
delative ó-ról ó-król
ablative ó-tól ó-któl
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		ó-é ó-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		ó-éi ó-kéi
Possessive forms of ó
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ó-m ó-im
2nd person sing. ó-d ó-id
3rd person sing. ó-ja ó-i
1st person plural ó-nk ó-ink
2nd person plural ó-tok ó-itok
3rd person plural ó-juk ó-ik

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Álgu etymological database, entry #79941 (language: Proto-Uralic, word: oma)
  2. ^ ó in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading[edit]

  • (ancient, antique): ó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (interjection): ó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to protect): ó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (sound, letter, and abbreviation): ó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ó!

  1. oh!, ah!
    Ó ókei, gangi þér vel.
    Oh ok, good luck.
  2. O, oh, the Icelandic vocative particle, used before a pronoun or the name of a person or persons to mark direct address
    Ó, góðu menn! Heyr mín orð.
    O good men! Heed my words.
    • Lofsöngur:
      Ó, guð vors lands.
      Oh, our country's God.

See also[edit]

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From ua, from Old Irish aue (“grandson, descendant”).[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ó m (genitive ó, nominative plural óí, genitive singular in surnames uí, nominative plural in historical sept names uí)

  1. (archaic) grandson, grandchild
    Synonym: garmhac
  2. (archaic) descendant
Declension[edit]
Declension of ó

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ó óí
Vocative a ó a óí
Genitive ó óí
Dative ó óí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-ó na hóí
Genitive an ó na n-óí
Dative leis an ó

don ó

leis na hóí
Forms in surnames and sept names
Declension of ó

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ó uí, í
Vocative — —
Genitive uí, í ó
Dative ó uíbh, íbh

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative — na huí, na hí
Genitive — na n-ó
Dative — na huíbh, na híbh

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish ó, úa,[2] from Proto-Celtic *aw, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away”).

Preposition[edit]

ó (plus dative, triggers lenition)

  1. of, from (indicating origin)
    ó ghleann go gleann ― from glen to glen
  2. since
    ó Mháirt ― since Tuesday
  3. used in conjunction with the verb bí to indicate need/want
    Tá bainne uaim.
    I need milk.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ó
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. uaim uaimse
2d person sing. uait uaitse
3d sing. masc. uaidh uaidhsean
3d sing. fem. uaithi uaithise
1st person pl. uainn uainne
2d person pl. uaibh uaibhse
3d person pl. uathu uathusan
Derived terms[edit]
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Conjunction[edit]

ó (triggers lenition)

  1. since (temporal)
    ó chuala mé an scéala ― since I heard the news
  2. after
    bliain ó rugadh é ― a year after he was born
  3. from the time when
    ó bhaintear an féar go bhfuil sé tirim ― from the time the hay is cut until it is dry
  4. once
    ó bhrisfear é ― once it is broken
  5. since (causal), inasmuch as
    ó tá mé liom féin ― since I am alone
Derived terms[edit]
  • ós (“since it is”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Basically onomatopoeic, but compare English O, Latin ō, Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), etc.

Interjection[edit]

ó

  1. oh

Particle[edit]

ó

  1. O (vocative particle)
    • 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:
      Ní dubhairt an mháthair seóid ach : « Tá go maith, a inghean ó ».
      The mother said nothing at all but, “That is well, daughter.”
Usage notes[edit]

Generally used postpositively, i.e. after the noun referring to the person addressed. The particle a is used before the noun.

  • a mhuirnín ó ― O darling

This particle is optional, but the vocative particle a is obligatory.

  • a mhic / a mhic ó ― O son, my son!

Etymology 4[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The letter o with an acute accent, known as ó fada (literally “long o”).

Noun[edit]

ó

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter o.

See also[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Doublet of faoi.

Preposition[edit]

ó (plus dative, triggers lenition)

  1. -wards: Only used in ó thuaidh and ó dheas

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ó n-ó hó t-ó
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “úa, óa, ó”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ó”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading[edit]

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ó”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “ó” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “ó” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The letter ⟨o⟩ in a stressed final syllable when pronounced /o/.

Kashubian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and ó for development of the glyph itself.

Letter[edit]

ó (lower case, upper case Ó)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɨ/, /ɛ/, (dated) /ʊ/

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The letter ⟨o⟩ with an acute accent, not considered a separate letter for collation purposes.

See also[edit]

Macanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese ou. Compare Spanish o.

Conjunction[edit]

ó

  1. or
    Vôs tâ uví, ô tâ finzí surdo?
    Are you listening, or pretending to be deaf?
    Na alegria, Ó na tristéza
    In joy, Or in sadness

References[edit]

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ó (o2, Zhuyin ㄛˊ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦

Middle Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish áu, from Proto-Celtic *ausos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws; cognate with English ear and Latin auris.

Noun[edit]

ó n

  1. (archaic, poetic, anatomy) ear
  2. some part of a cloak
  3. some part of a shield, possibly a spike or boss
  4. some part of a chessboard, possibly rings or handles for lifting
  5. some part of a pitcher or vessel for liquor, possibly a curved, earlike handle

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish úa.

Preposition[edit]

ó (with dative, triggers lenition)

  1. from, of
  2. by
Descendants[edit]
  • Irish: ó
  • Scottish Gaelic: o, bho
  • Manx: veih, voish

Further reading[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Middle Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ó unchanged n-ó
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Noon[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. A letter of the Noon alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Old Irish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Contested.

Preposition[edit]

ó (with dative)

  1. from, of
    ó thurcbáil co fuinud ― from sunrise to sunset
  2. by (means of), with

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ó.

Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ó
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. (h)úaim, (h)úaimm (h)úaimse
2d person sing. (h)úait (h)úaitsu, (h)úaitsiu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative (h)úad, (h)úaid
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative
3d sing. fem., dative úadi, húade úadisi
3d sing. fem., accusative
1st person pl. (h)úainn, (h)úain, (h)úan, (h)úann (h)úanni
2d person pl. (h)úaib (h)úaibsi
3d person pl., dative (h)úadib, (h)úaidib úaidibsom, húadibsem
3d person pl., accusative

Forms with a definite article:

Forms with a possessive determiner:

  • (h)úam (“from my”)
  • (h)úat (“from your sg”)
  • oa, (h)úa, (h)ó (“from his/her/its/their”)

Forms with a relative particle:

  • oa·, (h)úa·, (h)ó· (“from whom/which”)
Descendants[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ó (triggers lenition, takes independent verbs)

  1. since (with preterite)
  2. after (with perfect)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ó.

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ó n

  1. Alternative form of áu (“ear”)

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
ó unchanged n-ó
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and ó for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó, lower case)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Polish alphabet, called ó, o z kreską, u kreskowane, or u zamknięte and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (lower case, upper case Ó)

  2. the letter o with an acute accent

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ó m (plural ós)

  2. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
    Synonyms: ô, oh

Etymology 3[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ó

  1. o; hey (vocative particle)
    Ó Senhor, dai-me forças!
    O Lord, give me strength.
Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

First syllable of olha or olhe.

Interjection[edit]

ó

  2. (colloquial) look!
    Ó lá o bugio!
    Look the howler monkey over there!

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ó

  1. Obsolete spelling of o

Usage notes[edit]

  • In many texts dating back to the pre-reform period use ó in place of o for all uses. Through the 20th century, it continued to see regular use near numerals to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3. All such uses are now considered nonstandard.

Taos[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ó (basic stem form)

  1. wash

Related terms[edit]

Tetum[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, compare Malay kau and Toba Batak ho.

Pronoun[edit]

ó

  1. you

Upper Sorbian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (lower case, upper case Ó)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Upper Sorbian alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

See also[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Likely ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare Proto-Vietic *ʔoːʔ (“bird”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(classifier con) ó • (𪅴)

  1. buzzard, hawk

See also[edit]

Derived terms

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Letter[edit]

ó (upper case Ó)

  1. The letter O, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.
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