þeowian
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Old English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *þewāną (“to enslave”). Cognate with Old Norse þjá (“to enslave”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌸𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (anaþiwan, “to subjugate, make subservient”).
Verb[edit]
þēowian
- to serve (as a servant, slave, or devotee)
- fram ċildhāde Gode þēowian
- to serve God since childhood
- to enslave, reduce to servants
Usage notes[edit]
- In the senses of serving another person, the person being served is placed in the dative case.
- hlāforde þēowian ― to serve a lord (hlāford is declined in its dative form hlāforde)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of þēowian (weak class 2)
| infinitive | þēowian | þēowienne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | þēowiġe | þēowode |
| second person singular | þēowast | þēowodest |
| third person singular | þēowaþ | þēowode |
| plural | þēowiaþ | þēowodon |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | þēowiġe | þēowode |
| plural | þēowiġen | þēowoden |
| imperative | ||
| singular | þēowa | |
| plural | þēowiaþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| þēowiende | (ġe)þēowod | |
Etymology 2[edit]
See þēowan (“to press”).
Alternative forms[edit]
Verb[edit]
þēowian
- Synonym of þēowan (“to press”)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of þēowian (weak class 2)
| infinitive | þēowian | þēowienne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | þēowiġe | þēowode |
| second person singular | þēowast | þēowodest |
| third person singular | þēowaþ | þēowode |
| plural | þēowiaþ | þēowodon |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | þēowiġe | þēowode |
| plural | þēowiġen | þēowoden |
| imperative | ||
| singular | þēowa | |
| plural | þēowiaþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| þēowiende | (ġe)þēowod | |
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “þēowian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[1], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.