štꜣ

See also: stꜣ and sṯꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛtɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sheta

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) hidden or secret
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1:

     j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw

     Hail to you, Osiris, lord of eternity, king of gods, numerous of names, sacred of developments, secret of rites in temples!

Inflection

Conjugation of štꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: štꜣ, geminated stem: štꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
štꜣ	štꜣw, štꜣ	štꜣt	štꜣ	štꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
štꜣ	ḥr štꜣ	m štꜣ	r štꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	štꜣ.n	štꜣw, štꜣ	consecutive	štꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	štꜣt
perfective3	štꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	štꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	štꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	štꜣ	štꜣꜣ	potentialis1	štꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	štꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	štꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	štꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	štꜣ	štꜣ, štꜣw5, štꜣy5
imperfective	štꜣ, štꜣy, štꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	štꜣ, štꜣj6, štꜣy6	štꜣ, štꜣw5
prospective	štꜣ, štꜣtj7	—	štꜣtj4, štꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of štꜣ  

štꜣ	štꜣ

Derived terms

• štꜣw

 

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of štꜣ: hidden, secret

Inflection

Declension of štꜣ (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	štꜣ	štꜣt
dual	štꜣwj	štꜣtj
plural	štꜣw	štꜣwt1, štꜣt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Descendants

• Old Coptic: ϣⲱⲧ (šōt)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35.
• Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 310
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 551.3–553.5