яхам
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Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jaxati.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
я́хам • (jáham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective я́хна)
- (transitive) to mount on a vehicle/animal for a ride
- (intransitive, dated) to ride a ridden animal
- Synonym: я́здя (jázdja)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of я́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | я́хащ jáhašt |
я́хал, яха́л1 jáhal, jahál1 |
я́хал jáhal |
я́хан jáhan |
я́хайки jáhajki | |
| definite subject form | я́хащият jáhaštijat |
я́халият, яха́лият1 jáhalijat, jahálijat1 |
— | я́ханият jáhanijat | |||
| definite object form | я́хащия jáhaštija |
я́халия, яха́лия1 jáhalija, jahálija1 |
— | я́хания jáhanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | я́хаща jáhašta |
я́хала, яха́ла1 jáhala, jahála1 |
я́хала jáhala |
я́хана jáhana | ||
| definite | я́хащата jáhaštata |
я́халата, яха́лата1 jáhalata, jahálata1 |
— | я́ханата jáhanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | я́хащо jáhašto |
я́хало, яха́ло1 jáhalo, jahálo1 |
я́хало jáhalo |
я́хано jáhano |
я́хане jáhane | |
| definite | я́хащото jáhaštoto |
я́халото, яха́лото1 jáhaloto, jaháloto1 |
— | я́ханото jáhanoto |
я́хането jáhaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | я́хащи jáhašti |
я́хали, яха́ли1 jáhali, jaháli1 |
я́хали jáhali |
я́хани jáhani |
я́хания, я́ханета jáhanija, jáhaneta | |
| definite | я́хащите jáhaštite |
я́халите, яха́лите1 jáhalite, jahálite1 |
— | я́ханите jáhanite |
я́ханията, я́ханетата jáhanijata, jáhanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | я́хам jáham |
я́хаш jáhaš |
я́ха jáha |
я́хаме jáhame |
я́хате jáhate |
я́хат jáhat | |
| imperfect | я́хах jáhah |
я́хаше jáhaše |
я́хаше jáhaše |
я́хахме jáhahme |
я́хахте jáhahte |
я́хаха jáhaha | |
| aorist | я́хах, яха́х1 jáhah, jaháh1 |
я́ха, яха́1 jáha, jahá1 |
я́ха, яха́1 jáha, jahá1 |
я́хахме, яха́хме1 jáhahme, jaháhme1 |
я́хахте, яха́хте1 jáhahte, jaháhte1 |
я́хаха, яха́ха1 jáhaha, jaháha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and я́хал m, я́хала f, я́хало n, or я́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and я́хал m, я́хала f, я́хало n, or я́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and я́хал m, я́хала f, я́хало n, or я́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and я́хал/яха́л1 m, я́хала/яха́ла1 f, я́хало/яха́ло1 n, or я́хали/яха́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| я́хай jáhaj |
я́хайте jáhajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms[edit]
- я́хвам (jáhvam) (semelfactive)
- наяхам pf (najaham), наяхвам impf (najahvam)
- пояхам pf (pojaham), пояхвам impf (pojahvam)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “яхам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “яхам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- “ꙗхати”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024