إشتيام

See also: اشتيام

Arabic

Etymology

From Aramaic אִישְׁתְּיָאמָא (ʾištyāmā) / ܐܸܫܬܝܵܡܵܐ (ʾeštyāmā, “captain”), assumed to be from Akkadian 𒊮𒌓 (ŠA₃.TAM /⁠šatammu⁠/, “administrator, chief accountant”), from Sumerian 𒊮𒌓 (ŠA₃.TAM /⁠šatam⁠/, “auditor, administration official”), having passed into Aramaic as */šətammā/ → */šətēmā/ → /ištēmā/, then misvocalized and spoken instead of אִשְׁתֵּימָא (ʾištēmā) as אִשְׁתְּיָמָא (ʾištyāmā) and written plene אִישְׁתְּיָאמָא (ʾištyāmā).

Noun

إِشْتِيَام • (ʔištiyām) m (plural أَشَاتِمَة (ʔašātima))

1. (obsolete) captain, or specifically a supercargo

   Synonyms: رُبَّان (rubbān), قُبْطَان (qubṭān)

   • a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3)‎^[1], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 10 line 17:

Declension

Declension of noun إِشْتِيَام (ʔištiyām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	إِشْتِيَام ʔištiyām	الْإِشْتِيَام al-ʔištiyām	إِشْتِيَام ʔištiyām
Nominative	إِشْتِيَامٌ ʔištiyāmun	الْإِشْتِيَامُ al-ʔištiyāmu	إِشْتِيَامُ ʔištiyāmu
Accusative	إِشْتِيَامًا ʔištiyāman	الْإِشْتِيَامَ al-ʔištiyāma	إِشْتِيَامَ ʔištiyāma
Genitive	إِشْتِيَامٍ ʔištiyāmin	الْإِشْتِيَامِ al-ʔištiyāmi	إِشْتِيَامِ ʔištiyāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	إِشْتِيَامَيْن ʔištiyāmayn	الْإِشْتِيَامَيْن al-ʔištiyāmayn	إِشْتِيَامَيْ ʔištiyāmay
Nominative	إِشْتِيَامَانِ ʔištiyāmāni	الْإِشْتِيَامَانِ al-ʔištiyāmāni	إِشْتِيَامَا ʔištiyāmā
Accusative	إِشْتِيَامَيْنِ ʔištiyāmayni	الْإِشْتِيَامَيْنِ al-ʔištiyāmayni	إِشْتِيَامَيْ ʔištiyāmay
Genitive	إِشْتِيَامَيْنِ ʔištiyāmayni	الْإِشْتِيَامَيْنِ al-ʔištiyāmayni	إِشْتِيَامَيْ ʔištiyāmay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَشَاتِمَة ʔašātima	الْأَشَاتِمَة al-ʔašātima	أَشَاتِمَة ʔašātimat
Nominative	أَشَاتِمَةٌ ʔašātimatun	الْأَشَاتِمَةُ al-ʔašātimatu	أَشَاتِمَةُ ʔašātimatu
Accusative	أَشَاتِمَةً ʔašātimatan	الْأَشَاتِمَةَ al-ʔašātimata	أَشَاتِمَةَ ʔašātimata
Genitive	أَشَاتِمَةٍ ʔašātimatin	الْأَشَاتِمَةِ al-ʔašātimati	أَشَاتِمَةِ ʔašātimati

References

• Agius, Dionisius A. (2008) Classic Ships of Islam. From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 92), Leiden: Brill, page 328
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 222
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 293
• Michael Jan de Goeje, editor (1879), Indices, glossarium et addenda et emendanda ad part. I–III (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 7)‎^[2] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1879, page 271
• Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎^[3], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 101
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “إشتيام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1503c
• Rundgren, Frithiof (1961) “Semitische Wortstudien”, in Orientalia Suecana‎^[5], volume 10, pages 100–104
• Ullmann, Manfred (1992) Das Motiv des Spiegels in der arabischen Literatur des Mittelalters (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen: Philologisch-historische Klasse; 198) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 139–40
• “ˀštym”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “šatam [OFFICIAL]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎^[6], University of Pennsylvania, 2006