بيت المقدس

See also: بیت المقدس

Arabic

Etymology

Literally, “the House of the Holy Place”, probably a calque of Aramaic ܒ݂ܶܝܬ݂ ܡܰܩܕ݁ܫܳܐ (beyt maqdšā) or Hebrew בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ (béit-hamikdásh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bajt al.maq.dis/

Proper noun

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس • (bayt al-maqdis) f

1. the Temple in Jerusalem

   Synonym: الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى (al-masjid al-ʔaqṣā)

   • 7th century CE, Sunan Ibn Mājah, 5:606:

     […] لَمَّا فَرَغَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ مِنْ بِنَاءِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سَأَلَ اللهَ ثَلَاثًا حُكْمًا يُصَادِفُ حُكْمَهُ وَمُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لْأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَلَّا يَأْتِيَ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ أَحَدٌ لَا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا الصَّلَاةَ فِيهِ إِلَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ

     […] lammā faraḡa sulaymānu bnu dāwuda min bināʔi bayti l-maqdisi saʔala llāha ṯalāṯan ḥukman yuṣādifu ḥukmahu wamulkan lā yanbaḡī lʔaḥadin min baʕdihi waʔallā yaʔtiya haḏā l-masjida ʔaḥadun lā yurīdu ʔillā ṣ-ṣalāta fīhi ʔillā ḵaraja min ḏunūbihi kayawmi waladathu ʔummuhu

     […] When Solomon, the son of David, was done with building the Temple, he asked God for three things: a judiciousness with which His judiciousness would coincide, a kingdom that no one after him should ever have, and that none should ever come to that mosque who wishes only to pray therein unless they should slip afterwards out of their sins, like how they were on the day their mother bore them.

   • 7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, 44:5:

     […] فَقَالَ عِيسَىٰ إِنَّ ٱللهَ أَمَرَكَ بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ لِتَعْمَلَ بِهَا وَتَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَأْمُرَهُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنَا آمُرُهُمْ. فَقَالَ يَحْيَىٰ أَخْشَىٰ إِنْ سَبَقْتَنِي بِهَا أَنْ يُخْسَفَ بِي أَوْ أُعَذَّبَ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَامْتَلَأ الْمَسْجِدُ وَقَعَدُوا عَلَىٰ الشُّرَفِ […]

     […] faqāla ʕīsā ʔinna llāha ʔamaraka biḵamsi kalimātin litaʕmala bihā wataʔmura banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔan yaʕmalū bihā faʔimmā ʔan taʔmurahum waʔimmā ʔanā ʔāmuruhum. faqāla yaḥyā ʔaḵšā ʔin sabaqtanī bihā ʔan yuḵsafa bī ʔaw ʔuʕaḏḏaba fajamaʕa n-nāsa fī bayti l-maqdisi fāmtalaʔ al-masjidu waqaʕadū ʕalā š-šurafi […]

     […] Jesus said: "Verily, God commanded you in five words, that you may live by them and command the Children of Israel that they are to live by them; and so either you command them or I will. Thus, John said: "I fear that if you beat me to it , I might be sunk into the earth or tortured. Thus, he gathered the people into the Temple till the mosque was crammed, and many went off to sat on the parapets. […]

2. (by extension) Jerusalem

   Synonyms: الْقُدْس (al-quds), إِيلِيَاء (ʔīliyāʔ), أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm), أُورُسَالِم (ʔūrusālim)

   • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 39:4:

     […] قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّىٰ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏"‏ عُمْرَانُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ خَرَابُ يَثْرِبَ وَخَرَابُ يَثْرِبَ خُرُوجُ الْمَلْحَمَةِ وَخُرُوجُ الْمَلْحَمَةِ فَتْحُ قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ وَفَتْحُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ خُرُوجُ الدَّجَّالِ ‏"‏.‏ […]

     […] qāla rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama " ʕumrānu bayti l-maqdisi ḵarābu yaṯriba waḵarābu yaṯriba ḵurūju l-malḥamati waḵurūju l-malḥamati fatḥu qusṭanṭīniyyata wafatḥu l-qusṭanṭīniyyati ḵurūju d-dajjāli ". […]

     […] The Apostle of God—God shower blessings and salutations on him and grant [him] peace—said, "The flourishing of Jerusalem is the desolation of Yathrib; the desolation of Yathrib is the outbreak of the Great War; the outbreak of the Great War is the conquest of Constantinople; the conquest of Constantinople is the emergence of the Antichrist." […]

   • 14th century CE, ʾIbn Kaṯīr, al-Bidāya wan-Nihāya [The Beginning and the End]:

     لما افتتح السلطان تلك الأماكن المذكورة فيما تقدم، أمر العساكر فاجتمعت ثم سار نحو بيت المقدس، […]

     When the Sultan seized the aforementioned places, he commanded the army to assemble and marched on Jerusalem; […]

Declension

Declension of noun بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (bayt al-maqdis)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	بَيْت الْمَقْدِس bayt al-maqdis	—
Nominative	—	بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ baytu l-maqdisi	—
Accusative	—	بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ bayta l-maqdisi	—
Genitive	—	بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ bayti l-maqdisi	—

Descendants

• → Persian: بیت‌المقدس
  • → Gujarati: બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ (baitulmukaddas)
  • → Malay: Baitulmuqaddis
  • → Pashto: بيت المقدس (bayt-ul-muqadas)
  • → Urdu: بیت المقدس (bait-ul-muqaddas)