جهنم

See also: جہنم

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew גֵּיהִנָּם (gēhinnām), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”). The vocalization suggests that it may have been borrowed via Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähännäm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.han.nam/

Proper noun

جَهَنَّم • (jahannam) f

1. (Islam, Christianity) hell, Gehenna

   Synonyms: سَعِير (saʕīr), لَظَىٰ (laẓā), النَّار (an-nār), هاوِيَة (hāwiya), جَحِيم (jaḥīm), حُطَمَة (ḥuṭama), سَقَر (saqar)

Declension

Declension of noun جَهَنَّم (jahannam)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	جَهَنَّم jahannam	—
Nominative	—	جَهَنَّمُ jahannamu	—
Accusative	—	جَهَنَّمَ jahannama	—
Genitive	—	جَهَنَّمَ jahannama	—

Related terms

• جَهَنَّمِيّ (jahannamiyy)

Descendants

• → Armenian: ջանդամ (ǰandam), ջհանդամ (ǰhandam), ջահանդամ (ǰahandam), ջհաննամ (ǰhannam), ջայնամ (ǰaynam), ջահնամ (ǰahnam)
• → Azerbaijani: cəhənnəm
• → Bashkir: йәһәннәм (yəhənnəm)
• → English: Jahannam
• → Karaim: джаханам (cahanam)
• → Kazakh: жаһаннам (jahannam)
• → Malay: jahanam
• → Ottoman Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
  • Turkish: cehennem
  • → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
  • → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
  • → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем

    Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

• → Classical Persian: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)

    Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)

  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)

    Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)

• → Swahili: jahanamu
• → Tabasaran: жегьеннем (žehennem)

References

• Jonas Meyer (1901) Die Hölle im Islam‎^[1] (in German), Basel: Fr. Reinhardt, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).

Noun

جهنم • (cehennem)

1. (Islam) hell, Gehenna, a place of torment where sinners are believed to go after death.

   Synonyms: دوزخ (duzah), طامو (tamu)

Derived terms

• جهنم دیبی (cehennem dibi, “bottom of the hell”)
• جهنم طاشی (cehennem taşı, “lunar caustic”)
• جهنم كوتوكی (cehennem kütüğü, “a hardened sinner”)
• جهنملك (cehennemlik, “place like hell”)
• جهنملی (cehennemli, “hellish, damned”)
• جهنمی (cehennemî, “hellish, damned”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: cehennem
• → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
• → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
• → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем

  Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cehennem”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 768
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جهنم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 193a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جهنم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 453
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Infernus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 795
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جهنم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1695
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cehennem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جهنم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 694

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (ge ben hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.han.ˈnam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːän.nǽm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːän.nǽm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦæn.nǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]

Readings
Classical reading?	jahannam
Dari reading?	jahannam
Iranian reading?	jahannam
Tajik reading?	jahannam

Noun

Dari	جهنم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷаҳаннам

جَهَنَّم • (jahannam)

1. hell

Descendants

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)

  Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)

  Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)