عظم
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See also: ع ظ م
Arabic[edit]
Root |
---|
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m) |
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
عَظْم • (ʕaẓm) m (plural عِظَام (ʕiẓām) or أَعْظُم (ʔaʕẓum))
- bone
- a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):
- رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا
فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا
سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا
فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَا- raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā
samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā
famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun عَظْم (ʕaẓm)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَظْم ʕaẓm |
الْعَظْم al-ʕaẓm |
عَظْم ʕaẓm |
Nominative | عَظْمٌ ʕaẓmun |
الْعَظْمُ al-ʕaẓmu |
عَظْمُ ʕaẓmu |
Accusative | عَظْمًا ʕaẓman |
الْعَظْمَ al-ʕaẓma |
عَظْمَ ʕaẓma |
Genitive | عَظْمٍ ʕaẓmin |
الْعَظْمِ al-ʕaẓmi |
عَظْمِ ʕaẓmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَظْمَيْن ʕaẓmayn |
الْعَظْمَيْن al-ʕaẓmayn |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
Nominative | عَظْمَانِ ʕaẓmāni |
الْعَظْمَانِ al-ʕaẓmāni |
عَظْمَا ʕaẓmā |
Accusative | عَظْمَيْنِ ʕaẓmayni |
الْعَظْمَيْنِ al-ʕaẓmayni |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
Genitive | عَظْمَيْنِ ʕaẓmayni |
الْعَظْمَيْنِ al-ʕaẓmayni |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عِظَام; أَعْظُم ʕiẓām; ʔaʕẓum |
الْعِظَام; الْأَعْظُم al-ʕiẓām; al-ʔaʕẓum |
عِظَام; أَعْظُم ʕiẓām; ʔaʕẓum |
Nominative | عِظَامٌ; أَعْظُمٌ ʕiẓāmun; ʔaʕẓumun |
الْعِظَامُ; الْأَعْظُمُ al-ʕiẓāmu; al-ʔaʕẓumu |
عِظَامُ; أَعْظُمُ ʕiẓāmu; ʔaʕẓumu |
Accusative | عِظَامًا; أَعْظُمًا ʕiẓāman; ʔaʕẓuman |
الْعِظَامَ; الْأَعْظُمَ al-ʕiẓāma; al-ʔaʕẓuma |
عِظَامَ; أَعْظُمَ ʕiẓāma; ʔaʕẓuma |
Genitive | عِظَامٍ; أَعْظُمٍ ʕiẓāmin; ʔaʕẓumin |
الْعِظَامِ; الْأَعْظُمِ al-ʕiẓāmi; al-ʔaʕẓumi |
عِظَامِ; أَعْظُمِ ʕiẓāmi; ʔaʕẓumi |
Descendants[edit]
- Gulf Arabic: عظم (ʕaḏ̣am)
- Maltese: għadam
- Moroccan Arabic: عضم (ʕḍam)
- South Levantine Arabic: عضم (ʕaḍm)
- → Azerbaijani: əzm
- → Ottoman Turkish: عظم (azm)
- Turkish: azm
- → Persian: عظم ('azm)
Etymology 2[edit]
Root |
---|
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m) |
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
عَظُمَ • (ʕaẓuma) I, non-past يَعْظُمُ (yaʕẓumu)
- (intransitive) to be great
- إِلٰهِي إِنْ عَظُمَ الذَّنْبُ مِنْ عَبْدِكَ فَلْيَحْسُنِ العَفْوُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ.
- ʔilāhī ʔin ʕaẓuma aḏ-ḏanbu min ʕabdika falyaḥsuni l-ʕafwu min ʕindika.
- My God if the wrongdoing of your worshipper has gotten great then let your forgiveness be splendid.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَظُمَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns عِظَم or عَظَامَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
عِظَم or عَظَامَة ʕiẓam or ʕaẓāma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕāẓim | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕaẓumtu |
ʕaẓumta |
عَظُمَ ʕaẓuma |
ʕaẓumtumā |
ʕaẓumā |
ʕaẓumnā |
ʕaẓumtum |
ʕaẓumū | |||
f | ʕaẓumti |
ʕaẓumat |
ʕaẓumatā |
ʕaẓumtunna |
ʕaẓumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕẓumu |
taʕẓumu |
yaʕẓumu |
taʕẓumāni |
yaʕẓumāni |
naʕẓumu |
taʕẓumūna |
yaʕẓumūna | |||
f | taʕẓumīna |
taʕẓumu |
taʕẓumāni |
taʕẓumna |
yaʕẓumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕẓuma |
taʕẓuma |
yaʕẓuma |
taʕẓumā |
yaʕẓumā |
naʕẓuma |
taʕẓumū |
yaʕẓumū | |||
f | taʕẓumī |
taʕẓuma |
taʕẓumā |
taʕẓumna |
yaʕẓumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕẓum |
taʕẓum |
yaʕẓum |
taʕẓumā |
yaʕẓumā |
naʕẓum |
taʕẓumū |
yaʕẓumū | |||
f | taʕẓumī |
taʕẓum |
taʕẓumā |
taʕẓumna |
yaʕẓumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uʕẓum |
uʕẓumā |
uʕẓumū |
||||||||
f | uʕẓumī |
uʕẓumna |
Etymology 3[edit]
Root |
---|
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m) |
Compare عَظِيم (ʕaẓīm, “great, powerful, important”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
عِظَم or عُظْم • (ʕiẓam or ʕuẓm) m
- verbal noun of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma) (form I)
- greatness, magnitude, power
- pomp
- bulk, extent, thickness
- importance
- pride
- crowd, multitude
- (historical, medicine, pathology) enlargement of an organ (in nomenclature of conditions)
- Antonym: تَصَغُّر (taṣaḡḡur)
- عِظَم الكَبِد ― ʕiẓam al-kabid ― hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)
Declension[edit]
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عِزَم; عُظْم ʕizam; ʕuẓm |
الْعِزَم; الْعُظْم al-ʕizam; al-ʕuẓm |
عِزَم; عُظْم ʕizam; ʕuẓm |
Nominative | عِزَمٌ; عُظْمٌ ʕizamun; ʕuẓmun |
الْعِزَمُ; الْعُظْمُ al-ʕizamu; al-ʕuẓmu |
عِزَمُ; عُظْمُ ʕizamu; ʕuẓmu |
Accusative | عِزَمًا; عُظْمًا ʕizaman; ʕuẓman |
الْعِزَمَ; الْعُظْمَ al-ʕizama; al-ʕuẓma |
عِزَمَ; عُظْمَ ʕizama; ʕuẓma |
Genitive | عِزَمٍ; عُظْمٍ ʕizamin; ʕuẓmin |
الْعِزَمِ; الْعُظْمِ al-ʕizami; al-ʕuẓmi |
عِزَمِ; عُظْمِ ʕizami; ʕuẓmi |
Etymology 4[edit]
Form-II causative of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
عَظَّمَ • (ʕaẓẓama) II, non-past يُعَظِّمُ (yuʕaẓẓimu)
- (transitive, causative) to make great
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَظَّمَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕẓīm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaẓẓim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaẓẓam | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕaẓẓamtu |
ʕaẓẓamta |
عَظَّمَ ʕaẓẓama |
ʕaẓẓamtumā |
ʕaẓẓamā |
ʕaẓẓamnā |
ʕaẓẓamtum |
ʕaẓẓamū | |||
f | ʕaẓẓamti |
ʕaẓẓamat |
ʕaẓẓamatā |
ʕaẓẓamtunna |
ʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓimu |
tuʕaẓẓimu |
yuʕaẓẓimu |
tuʕaẓẓimāni |
yuʕaẓẓimāni |
nuʕaẓẓimu |
tuʕaẓẓimūna |
yuʕaẓẓimūna | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓimīna |
tuʕaẓẓimu |
tuʕaẓẓimāni |
tuʕaẓẓimna |
yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓima |
tuʕaẓẓima |
yuʕaẓẓima |
tuʕaẓẓimā |
yuʕaẓẓimā |
nuʕaẓẓima |
tuʕaẓẓimū |
yuʕaẓẓimū | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓimī |
tuʕaẓẓima |
tuʕaẓẓimā |
tuʕaẓẓimna |
yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓim |
tuʕaẓẓim |
yuʕaẓẓim |
tuʕaẓẓimā |
yuʕaẓẓimā |
nuʕaẓẓim |
tuʕaẓẓimū |
yuʕaẓẓimū | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓimī |
tuʕaẓẓim |
tuʕaẓẓimā |
tuʕaẓẓimna |
yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَظِّمْ ʕaẓẓim |
ʕaẓẓimā |
ʕaẓẓimū |
||||||||
f | ʕaẓẓimī |
ʕaẓẓimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕuẓẓimtu |
ʕuẓẓimta |
عُظِّمَ ʕuẓẓima |
ʕuẓẓimtumā |
ʕuẓẓimā |
ʕuẓẓimnā |
ʕuẓẓimtum |
ʕuẓẓimū | |||
f | ʕuẓẓimti |
ʕuẓẓimat |
ʕuẓẓimatā |
ʕuẓẓimtunna |
ʕuẓẓimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓamu |
tuʕaẓẓamu |
yuʕaẓẓamu |
tuʕaẓẓamāni |
yuʕaẓẓamāni |
nuʕaẓẓamu |
tuʕaẓẓamūna |
yuʕaẓẓamūna | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓamīna |
tuʕaẓẓamu |
tuʕaẓẓamāni |
tuʕaẓẓamna |
yuʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓama |
tuʕaẓẓama |
yuʕaẓẓama |
tuʕaẓẓamā |
yuʕaẓẓamā |
nuʕaẓẓama |
tuʕaẓẓamū |
yuʕaẓẓamū | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓamī |
tuʕaẓẓama |
tuʕaẓẓamā |
tuʕaẓẓamna |
yuʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓam |
tuʕaẓẓam |
yuʕaẓẓam |
tuʕaẓẓamā |
yuʕaẓẓamā |
nuʕaẓẓam |
tuʕaẓẓamū |
yuʕaẓẓamū | |||
f | tuʕaẓẓamī |
tuʕaẓẓam |
tuʕaẓẓamā |
tuʕaẓẓamna |
yuʕaẓẓamna |
References[edit]
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عظم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “عظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Hijazi Arabic[edit]
Root |
---|
ع ظ م |
1 term |
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
عَظِم or عَظُم • (ʕaḍim or ʕaḍum) m (construct state عَظْم (ʕaḍm), plural عظام (ʕiḍām))
Etymology 2[edit]
Learned borrowing from Arabic عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
عظم • (ʕaẓẓam) II (non-past يِعَظِّم (yiʕaẓẓim))
- (transitive, causative) to make great
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of عظم (ʕaẓẓam) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) | عظم (ʕaẓẓam) | عظمنا (ʕaẓẓamna) | عظمتوا (ʕaẓẓamtu) | عظموا (ʕaẓẓamu) | |
f | عظمتي (ʕaẓẓamti) | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أعظم (ʔaʕaẓẓim) | تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim) | يعظم (yiʕaẓẓim) | نعظم (niʕaẓẓim) | تعظموا (tiʕaẓẓimu) | يعظموا (yiʕaẓẓimu) | |
f | تعظمي (tiʕaẓẓimi) | تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim) | ||||||
imperative | m | عظم (ʕaẓẓim) | عظموا (ʕaẓẓimu) | |||||
f | عظمي (ʕaẓẓimi) |
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).
Noun[edit]
- bone, any of the components of an endoskeleton
Derived terms[edit]
- عظمی (ʿazmi, “of bone, osseous”)
Descendants[edit]
- Turkish: azm
Further reading[edit]
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “azm”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 405
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عظم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 852
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Os”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1255
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عظم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 3284
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عظم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1307
Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔazm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæzm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäzm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | azm |
Dari reading? | azm |
Iranian reading? | azm |
Tajik reading? | azm |
Noun[edit]
Dari | عظم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | азм |
عظم • ('azm)
Further reading[edit]
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عظم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Classical Persian عظم ('azm), from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /(ʔ)əzm/
Noun[edit]
عَظْم • ('azm) m (Hindi spelling अज़्म)
References[edit]
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ظ م
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
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- ar:Medicine
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- ar:Anatomy
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