قان

See also: فان

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ق ي ن (q-y-n), or denominal verb of قَيْن (qayn, “smith”), an ur-Semitic noun.

Verb

قَانَ • (qāna) I, non-past يَقِينُ‎ (yaqīnu)

1. to forge, to smith; to assemble, to arrange, to get together into order

Conjugation

Conjugation of

قَانَ

(form-I hollow, verbal noun قَيْن)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						قَيْن qayn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						قَائِن qāʔin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَقِين maqīn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قِنْتُ qintu	قِنْتَ qinta	قَانَ qāna		قِنْتُمَا qintumā	قَانَا qānā		قِنَّا qinnā	قِنْتُمْ qintum	قَانُوا qānū
	f		قِنْتِ qinti	قَانَتْ qānat			قَانَتَا qānatā			قِنْتُنَّ qintunna	قِنَّ qinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقِينُ ʔaqīnu	تَقِينُ taqīnu	يَقِينُ yaqīnu		تَقِينَانِ taqīnāni	يَقِينَانِ yaqīnāni		نَقِينُ naqīnu	تَقِينُونَ taqīnūna	يَقِينُونَ yaqīnūna
	f		تَقِينِينَ taqīnīna	تَقِينُ taqīnu			تَقِينَانِ taqīnāni			تَقِنَّ taqinna	يَقِنَّ yaqinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقِينَ ʔaqīna	تَقِينَ taqīna	يَقِينَ yaqīna		تَقِينَا taqīnā	يَقِينَا yaqīnā		نَقِينَ naqīna	تَقِينُوا taqīnū	يَقِينُوا yaqīnū
	f		تَقِينِي taqīnī	تَقِينَ taqīna			تَقِينَا taqīnā			تَقِنَّ taqinna	يَقِنَّ yaqinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقِنْ ʔaqin	تَقِنْ taqin	يَقِنْ yaqin		تَقِينَا taqīnā	يَقِينَا yaqīnā		نَقِنْ naqin	تَقِينُوا taqīnū	يَقِينُوا yaqīnū
	f		تَقِينِي taqīnī	تَقِنْ taqin			تَقِينَا taqīnā			تَقِنَّ taqinna	يَقِنَّ yaqinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قِنْ qin			قِينَا qīnā				قِينُوا qīnū
	f		قِينِي qīnī							قِنَّ qinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قِنْتُ qintu	قِنْتَ qinta	قِينَ qīna		قِنْتُمَا qintumā	قِينَا qīnā		قِنَّا qinnā	قِنْتُمْ qintum	قِينُوا qīnū
	f		قِنْتِ qinti	قِينَتْ qīnat			قِينَتَا qīnatā			قِنْتُنَّ qintunna	قِنَّ qinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَانُ ʔuqānu	تُقَانُ tuqānu	يُقَانُ yuqānu		تُقَانَانِ tuqānāni	يُقَانَانِ yuqānāni		نُقَانُ nuqānu	تُقَانُونَ tuqānūna	يُقَانُونَ yuqānūna
	f		تُقَانِينَ tuqānīna	تُقَانُ tuqānu			تُقَانَانِ tuqānāni			تُقَنَّ tuqanna	يُقَنَّ yuqanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَانَ ʔuqāna	تُقَانَ tuqāna	يُقَانَ yuqāna		تُقَانَا tuqānā	يُقَانَا yuqānā		نُقَانَ nuqāna	تُقَانُوا tuqānū	يُقَانُوا yuqānū
	f		تُقَانِي tuqānī	تُقَانَ tuqāna			تُقَانَا tuqānā			تُقَنَّ tuqanna	يُقَنَّ yuqanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَنْ ʔuqan	تُقَنْ tuqan	يُقَنْ yuqan		تُقَانَا tuqānā	يُقَانَا yuqānā		نُقَنْ nuqan	تُقَانُوا tuqānū	يُقَانُوا yuqānū
	f		تُقَانِي tuqānī	تُقَنْ tuqan			تُقَانَا tuqānā			تُقَنَّ tuqanna	يُقَنَّ yuqanna

Etymology 2

Noun

قَان • (qān) m

1. alternative form of خَان (ḵān, “khan”)

Declension

Declension of noun قَان (qān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَان qān	الْقَان al-qān	قَان qān
Nominative	قَانٌ qānun	الْقَانُ al-qānu	قَانُ qānu
Accusative	قَانًا qānan	الْقَانَ al-qāna	قَانَ qāna
Genitive	قَانٍ qānin	الْقَانِ al-qāni	قَانِ qāni

Declension of noun قَان (qān)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	قَان qān	—
Nominative	—	قَانُ qānu	—
Accusative	—	قَانَ qāna	—
Genitive	—	قَانَ qāna	—

Etymology 3

Derived from the active participle of قَنَا (qanā, “to reach out to, to acquire”).

Noun

قانٍ • (qānin) m (plural قَانِيَة (qāniya))

1. appropriator, owner

Declension

Declension of noun قانٍ (qānin)

Singular	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قانِي qānī	الْقانِي al-qānī	قانِي qānī
Nominative	قانٍ qānin	الْقانِي al-qānī	قانِي qānī
Accusative	قانِيًا qāniyan	الْقانِيَ al-qāniya	قانِيَ qāniya
Genitive	قانٍ qānin	الْقانِي al-qānī	قانِي qānī
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قانِيَيْن qāniyayn	الْقانِيَيْن al-qāniyayn	قانِيَيْ qāniyay
Nominative	قانِيَانِ qāniyāni	الْقانِيَانِ al-qāniyāni	قانِيَا qāniyā
Accusative	قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni	الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni	قانِيَيْ qāniyay
Genitive	قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni	الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni	قانِيَيْ qāniyay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَانِيَة qāniya	الْقَانِيَة al-qāniya	قَانِيَة qāniyat
Nominative	قَانِيَةٌ qāniyatun	الْقَانِيَةُ al-qāniyatu	قَانِيَةُ qāniyatu
Accusative	قَانِيَةً qāniyatan	الْقَانِيَةَ al-qāniyata	قَانِيَةَ qāniyata
Genitive	قَانِيَةٍ qāniyatin	الْقَانِيَةِ al-qāniyati	قَانِيَةِ qāniyati

Etymology 4

Apparently borrowed from Khorezmian Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).

Noun

قَان • (qān) m

1. (obsolete, only genitive attribute of أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar, “red”)) blood
   • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:

     الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق

     Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.

     commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen‎^[1] (in German), volume 47, page 37 Anm. 89

Declension

Declension of noun أَحْمَر قَان (ʔaḥmar qān)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	أَحْمَر قَان ʔaḥmar qān	—
Nominative	—	أَحْمَرُ قَانٍ ʔaḥmaru qānin	—
Accusative	—	أَحْمَرَ قَانٍ ʔaḥmara qānin	—
Genitive	—	أَحْمَرِ قَانٍ ʔaḥmari qānin	—

Etymology 5

Unknown, probably an Old South Arabian borrowing, possibly related to قَنَا (qanā), قَنَى (qanā, “to acquire, to obtain”), or to قَنَاة (qanāh, “spear”).

Noun

قَان • (qān) m (collective, singulative قَانَة f (qāna))

1. (obsolete, Tihāma) a kind of hardwood tree from which bows are made
   • a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra]‎^[2]:

     ومن أرض العرب: الخيل العِراب والنَّعَام والنَّجائب والقانة والأَدَم.

     From the Arabian lands one gets: Pure-bred horses, ostrichs, female Arabian camels, the qāna, and tanned hides.

Declension

Declension of noun قَان (qān)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَان qān	الْقَان al-qān	قَان qān
Nominative	قَانٌ qānun	الْقَانُ al-qānu	قَانُ qānu
Accusative	قَانًا qānan	الْقَانَ al-qāna	قَانَ qāna
Genitive	قَانٍ qānin	الْقَانِ al-qāni	قَانِ qāni
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَانَة qāna	الْقَانَة al-qāna	قَانَة qānat
Nominative	قَانَةٌ qānatun	الْقَانَةُ al-qānatu	قَانَةُ qānatu
Accusative	قَانَةً qānatan	الْقَانَةَ al-qānata	قَانَةَ qānata
Genitive	قَانَةٍ qānatin	الْقَانَةِ al-qānati	قَانَةِ qānati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَانَتَيْن qānatayn	الْقَانَتَيْن al-qānatayn	قَانَتَيْ qānatay
Nominative	قَانَتَانِ qānatāni	الْقَانَتَانِ al-qānatāni	قَانَتَا qānatā
Accusative	قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni	الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni	قَانَتَيْ qānatay
Genitive	قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni	الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni	قَانَتَيْ qānatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَانَات qānāt	الْقَانَات al-qānāt	قَانَات qānāt
Nominative	قَانَاتٌ qānātun	الْقَانَاتُ al-qānātu	قَانَاتُ qānātu
Accusative	قَانَاتٍ qānātin	الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti	قَانَاتِ qānāti
Genitive	قَانَاتٍ qānātin	الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti	قَانَاتِ qānāti

Azerbaijani

Noun

قان (countable and uncountable, definite accusative قانی)

1. Arabic spelling of qan (“blood”)

Chagatai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).

Noun

قان (qan)

1. blood

Descendants

• Uyghur: قان (qan) / қан (qan)
• Uzbek: qon

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	قان
Cyrillic	қан
Latin	qan

Noun

قان • (transliteration needed)

1. Arabic spelling of қан (qan).

Khalaj

Noun

قان (qân, qâan) (definite accusative قانؽ, plural قانلار)

1. Arabic spelling of qân, qâan (“blood”)

Declension

Declension of قان

	singular	plural
nominative	قان	قانلار
genitive	قانؽݧ	قانلارؽݧ
dative	قانقا	قانلارقا
definite accusative	قانؽ	قانلارؽ
locative	قانچا	قانلارچا
ablative	قاندا	قانلاردا
instrumental	قانلا	قانلارلا
equative	قانوارا	قانلاروارا

Kipchak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).

Noun

قان (kan)

1. blood

Derived terms

• قان آلچی (kan alçı, “lancet”)

Descendants

• North Kipchak:
  • Bashkir: ҡан (qan)
  • Tatar: кан (qan)
• West Kipchak:
  • Crimean Tatar: qan
  • Karachay-Balkar: къан (qan)
  • Karaim: кан
  • Kumyk: къан (qan)
• South Kipchak:
  • Caspian:
    • Karakalpak: qan
    • Kazakh: қан (qan)
    • Nogai: кан (kan)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кан (kan)
      • Southern Altai: кан (kan)

References

• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[3], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 86
• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[4], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١) line 18

Kyrgyz

Noun

قان • (qan)

1. Arabic spelling of кан (kan).

Ottoman Turkish

قان

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qan), Azerbaijani qan, Bashkir ҡан (qan), Chuvash юн (jun), Kazakh қан (qan), Kyrgyz кан (kan), Turkmen gan, Uyghur قان (qan⁩), Uzbek qon and Yakut хаан (qaan).

Noun

قان • (kan) (definite accusative قانی (kanı), plural قانلر (kanlar))

1. blood, a vital bodily fluid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals

   Synonyms: خون (hun), دم (dem)

2. (by extension) venesection, phlebotomy, the cutting open or exposing a vein
3. (by extension) bloodshed, bloodbath, carnage, any slaughter on a large scale

Derived terms

• بورون قانی (burun kanı, “bright scarlet color”)
• قان آرامق (kan aramak, “to seek the death of a person”)
• قان آغلامق (kan ağlamak, “to shed bitter tears”)
• قان آلمق (kan almak, “to take blood”)
• قان ایتمك (kan etmek, “to put to death”)
• قان ترلمك (kan terlemek, “to sweat profusely”)
• قان دوكمك (kan dökmek, “to spill blood”)
• قان دوكیجی (kan dökücü, “bloodthirsty”)
• قان صوجوغی (kan sucuğu, “blood pudding”)
• قان صیچمق (kan sıçmak, “to suffer from dysentery”)
• قان طاشی (kan taşı, “haematite”)
• قان طوتمق (kan tutmak, “to have a stroke of apoplexy”)
• قان قورودان (kan kurudan, “mandrake”)
• قان قورومق (kan kurumak, “for blood, to dry”)
• قان قوصمق (kan kusmak, “to vomit blood”)
• قان چناغی (kan çanağı, “bleeding basin”)
• قان گیتمك (kan gitmek, “to be made miserable with anxiety”)
• قان یوتمق (kan yutmak, “to suffer extremely”)
• قانجی (kancı, “phlebotomist”)
• قانلاتمق (kanlatmak, “to make or let be smeared with blood”)
• قانلامق (kanlamak, “to smear with blood”)
• قانلانمق (kanlanmak, “to become smeared with blood”)
• قانلو (kanlı, “blooded”)
• قانه گیرمك (kana girmek, “to become a murderer”)
• قانی قاینامق (kanı kaynamak, “to be lively”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: kan

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kan1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2373
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[5], Vienna: F. Beck, page 353a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 936
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sanguis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[7], Vienna, column 1508
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[8], Vienna, column 3598
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[9], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1424

Persian

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qɔːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	qān
Dari reading?	qān
Iranian reading?	ğân
Tajik reading?	qon

Noun

قان • (qân)

1. Alternative form of غان (ğân, “birch”)

Uyghur

Alternative forms

• қан (qan) — Cyrillic

Etymology

From Chagatai قان (qan), from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).

Noun

قان • (qan) (plural قانلار (qanlar))

1. blood