ܣܗܕܐ

See also: ܣܗܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܣ ܗ ܕ (s h d)
3 terms

Etymology

Active participle of ܣܵܗܹܕ (sāhēd, “to witness, to testify”); cognate to Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid). The second meaning is a Calque of Ancient Greek μᾰ́ρτῠς (mártus).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [sɑːhədɑː]

Noun

ܣܵܗܕܵܐ • (sāhdā) m sg (plural ܣܵܗܕܹ̈ܐ (sāhdē), feminine ܣܵܗܸܕܬܵܐ (sāhidtā))

1. witness
   • Acts 1:8:

     ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܩܲܒܠܝܼܬܘܿܢ ܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܕܐܵܬܹܐ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕܫܵܐ ܥܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ، ܘܒܸܬ ܗܵܘܹܝܬܘܿܢ ܣܵܗܕܹ̈ܐ ܐܸܠܝܼ، ܓܵܘ ܐܘܿܪܸܫܠܸܡ، ܓܵܘ ܟܠܵܗ̇ ܝܼܗܘܼܕ، ܓܵܘ ܫܵܡܪܝܼܢ، ܘܗܲܠ ܡܲܪ̈ܙܵܢܹܐ ܕܐܲܪܥܵܐ.

     īnā bit qablītōn ḥaylā īman d-ātē rūḥā d-qudšā ˁallāwḵōn, w-bit hāwētōn sāhdē ilī, gāw ōrišlim, gāw kullāh īhūd, gāw šāmrīn, w-hal marzānē d-arˁā.

     But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.

2. martyr

Inflection

Inflection of ܣܵܗܕܵܐ (sāhdā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܣܵܗܕܝܼ (sāhdī)		ܣܵܗܕܲܢ (sāhdan)
	construct	ܣܵܗܹܕ (sāhēd)	2nd person	ܣܵܗܕܘܼܟ݂ (sāhdūḵ)	ܣܵܗܕܵܟ݂ܝ (sāhdāḵ)	ܣܵܗܕܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (sāhdāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܣܵܗܕܵܐ (sāhdā)	3rd person	ܣܵܗܕܹܗ (sāhdēh)	ܣܵܗܕܵܗ̇ (sāhdāh)	ܣܵܗܕܗܘܿܢ (sāhdhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܣܵܗܕܝܼ̈ (sāhdī)		ܣܵܗܕܲܢ̈ (sāhdan)
	construct	ܣܵܗܕܲܝ̈ (sāhday)	2nd person	ܣܵܗܕܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (sāhdūḵ)	ܣܵܗܕܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (sāhdāḵ)	ܣܵܗܕܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (sāhdāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܣܵܗܕܹ̈ܐ (sāhdē)	3rd person	ܣܵܗܕܘܼ̈ܗܝ (sāhdūh)	ܣܵܗܕ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (sāhdōh)	ܣܵܗܕܗ̈ܘܿܢ (sāhdhōn)

Derived terms

• ܣܵܗܕܘܼܬܵܐ (sāhdūtā, “witness, martyrdom”)

Proper noun

ܣܵܗܕܵܐ • (sāhdā) m

1. a male given name
2. a surname transferred from the given name

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܣ-ܗ-ܕ (s-h-d) related to testifying. Compare Arabic شَاهِد (šāhid).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɑh(ə)ðɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [sɑh(ə)ðe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܣܗܕܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܣܗܕܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܣܗܕܬܐ)

1. witness
2. martyr

Inflection

    inflection of ܣܗܕܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܣܗܕ	ܣܗܕܝܢ
construct	ܣܗܕ	ܣܗܕܝ
emphatic	ܣܗܕܐ	ܣܗܕܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܣܗܕܝ	ܣܗܕܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܣܗܕܟ	ܣܗܕܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܣܗܕܟܝ	ܣܗܕܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܣܗܕܗ	ܣܗܕܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܣܗܕܗ	ܣܗܕܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܣܗܕܢ	ܣܗܕܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܣܗܕܟܘܢ	ܣܗܕܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܣܗܕܟܝܢ	ܣܗܕܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܣܗܕܗܘܢ	ܣܗܕܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܣܗܕܗܝܢ	ܣܗܕܝܗܝܢ

References

• “shd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 221b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 362b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 973b