उभिनु

Nepali

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀇 (ubbhei), from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) +‎ -𑀏𑀇 (-ei), from Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ubinu]
• Phonetic Devanagari: उबिनु
• Hyphenation: उ‧भि‧नु

Verb

उभिनु • (ubhinu)

1. to stand, to stand up, to get up

Conjugation

Conjugation of उभिनु [ubʱinu]

Information
Stem			उभि- [ubʱi-]
Conjugation type			2nd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, regular.
Derivatives
I-stem (Passive)			उभिइनु [ubʱiinu]
Causative			उभ्याउनु [ubʱjäunu]
Non-finite forms
Infinitives			उभिनु [ubʱinu] उभिन‍ [ubʱinʌ]
Participles			Affirmative (+)	Negative (–)
	Conjunctive		उभिएर [ubʱieɾʌ] उभिई [ubʱii] उभिईकन‍ [ubʱiikʌnʌ]	नउभिएर‍ [nʌ ͜ ubʱieɾʌ] नउभिई [nʌ ͜ ubʱii] नउभिईकन‍ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiikʌnʌ]
	1st Perfect	m. sing.	उभिएको [ubʱieko]	नउभिएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱieko]
		f. sing.	उभिएकी [ubʱieki]	नउभिएकी [nʌ ͜ ubʱieki]
		pl.	उभिएका [ubʱiekä]	नउभिएका [nʌ ͜ ubʱiekä]
		high-resp.	उभिनुभएको [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko]	नउभिनुभएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko]
	2nd Perfect	normal	उभिए [ubʱie]	नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱie]
		high-resp.	उभिनुभए [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe]	नउभिनुभए [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe]
	Imperfect	normal	उभिदा [ubʱid̪ä] उभिदै [ubʱid̪ʌi̯] उभिदो [ubʱid̪o]	नउभिदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ä] नउभिदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ʌi̯] नउभिदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪o]
		high-resp.	उभिनुहुँदा [ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] उभिनुहुँदै [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] उभिनुहुँदो [ubʱinuɦũd̪o]	नउभिनुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] नउभिनुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नउभिनुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪o]
	Infinitival	normal	उभिने [ubʱine]	नउभिने [nʌ ͜ ubʱine]
		high-resp.	उभिनुहुने [ubʱinuɦune]	नउभिनुहुने [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦune]
	Absolutive		उभिइ [ubʱii]

Finite forms of उभिनु [ubʱinu]
Person			1st				2nd				3rd				2nd & 3rd
Pronoun			म SING.		हामी PL.		तँ LOW-RESP. SING.		तिमी MID-RESP.		ऊ LOW-RESP. SING.		उनी MID-RESP.		तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP.
			m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Present		+	उभिन्छु [ubʱint͡sʰu]		उभिन्छौं [ubʱint͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिन्छस् [ubʱint͡sʰʌs]	उभिन्छेस् [ubʱint͡sʰes]	उभिन्छौ [ubʱint͡sʰʌu̯]	उभिन्छ्यौ [ubʱint͡sʰeu̯]	उभिन्छ [ubʱint͡sʰʌʌ]	उभिन्छे [ubʱint͡sʰe]	उभिन्छन् [ubʱint͡sʰʌn]	उभिन्छिन् [ubʱint͡sʰin]	उभिनुहुन्छ [ubʱinuɦunt͡sʰʌ]
		–	उभिँदिनँ [ubʱĩd̪inʌ̃]		उभिँदैनौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिँदैनस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌs]	उभिँदिनेस् [ubʱĩd̪ines]	उभिँदैनौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌu̯]	उभिँदिनौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌu̯]	उभिँदैन [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ]	उभिँदिने [ubʱĩd̪ine]	उभिँदैनन् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌn]	उभिँदिनन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌn]	उभिनुहुँदैन [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ]
			उभिन्नँ [ubʱinnʌ̃]		उभिन्नौं [ubʱinnʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिन्नस् [ubʱinnʌs]		उभिन्नौ [ubʱinnʌu̯]		उभिन्न [ubʱinnʌ]		उभिन्नन् [ubʱinnʌn]		उभिनुहुन्न [ubʱinuɦunnʌ]
Past	Simple	+	उभिएं [ubʱiẽ]		उभियौं [ubʱiẽũ̯]		उभिइस् [ubʱiis]		उभियौ [ubʱieu̯]		उभियो [ubʱijo]	उभिई [ubʱii]	उभिए [ubʱie]	उभिइन् [ubʱiin]	उभिनुभयो [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌjo]
		–	उभिइनँ [ubʱiinʌ̃]		उभिएनौं [ubʱienʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिएनस् [ubʱienʌs]	उभिइनेस् [ubʱiines]	उभिएनौ [ubʱienʌu̯]		उभिएन [ubʱienʌ]	उभिइने [ubʱiine]	उभिएनन् [ubʱienʌn]	उभिइनन् [ubʱiinʌn]	उभिनुभएन [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌ]
	Habitual	+	उभिन्थें [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽ]		उभिन्थ्यौं [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽũ̯]		उभिन्थिस् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰis]		उभिन्थ्यौ [ubʱin̪t̪ʰeu̯]		उभिन्थ्यो [ubʱin̪t̪ʰjo]	उभिन्थी [ubʱin̪t̪ʰi]	उभिन्थे [ubʱin̪t̪ʰe]	उभिन्थिन् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰin]	उभिनुहुन्थ्यो [ubʱinuɦun̪t̪ʰjo]
		–	उभिँदिनथें [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰẽ]		उभिँदैनथ्यौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯]		उभिँदैनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis]	उभिँदिनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰis]	उभिँदैनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯]	उभिँदिनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯]	उभिँदैनथ्यो [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]	उभिँदैनथी [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi]	उभिँदैनथे [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe]	उभिँदिनथिन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰin]	उभिनुहुँदैनथ्यो [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]
			उभिन्नथें [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽ]		उभिन्नथ्यौं [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽũ̯]		उभिन्नथिस् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰis]		उभिन्नथ्यौ [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰeu̯]		उभिन्नथ्यो [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰjo]	उभिन्नथी [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰi]	उभिन्नथे [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰe]	उभिन्नथिन् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰin]	उभिनुहुन्नथ्यो [ubʱinuɦunnʌt̪ʰjo]
	Unknown	+	उभिएछु [ubʱiet͡sʰu]	उभिइछु [ubʱiit͡sʰu]	उभिएछौं [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिएछस् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌs]	उभिइछेस् [ubʱiit͡sʰes]	उभिएछौ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌu̯]		उभिएछ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ]	उभिइछे [ubʱiit͡sʰe]	उभिएछन् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌn]	उभिइछिन् [ubʱiit͡sʰin]	उभिनुभएछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ]
		–	उभिएनछु [ubʱienʌt͡sʰu]	उभिइनछु [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰu]	उभिएनछौं [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिएनछस् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌs]	उभिइनछेस् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰes]	उभिएनछौ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌu̯]		उभिएनछ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ]	उभिइनछे [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰe]	उभिएनछन् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌn]	उभिइनछिन् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰin]	उभिनुभएनछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ]
Future	Definite	+	उभिनेछु [ubʱinet͡sʰu]		उभिनेछौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिनेछस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌs]	उभिनेछेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰes]	उभिनेछौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌu̯]	उभिनेछ्यौ [ubʱinet͡sʰeu̯]	उभिनेछ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ]	उभिनेछे [ubʱinet͡sʰe]	उभिनेछन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌn]	उभिनेछिन् [ubʱinet͡sʰin]	उभिनुहुनेछ [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌ]
		–	उभिनेछैनँ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃]		उभिनेछैनौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिनेछैनस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs]	उभिनेछैनेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nes]	उभिनेछैनौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯]		उभिनेछैन [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]		उभिनेछैनन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn]		उभिनुहुनेछैन [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]
	Indefinite	+	उभिउँला [ubʱiũlä]	उभिउँली [ubʱiũli]	उभिऔंला [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä]		उभिएलास् [ubʱieläs]	उभिएलिस् [ubʱielis]	उभिऔला, उभिएलाउ [ubʱiʌu̯lä, ubʱieläu̯]	उभिऔली, उभिएलेउ [ubʱiʌu̯li, ubʱieleu̯]	उभिएला [ubʱielä]	उभिएली [ubʱieli]	उभिएलान्, उभिएनन् [ubʱielän, ubʱienʌn]	उभिएलिन्, उभिएनिन् [ubʱielin, ubʱienin]	उभिनुहोला [ubʱinuɦolä]
		–	उभिओइनँ [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃]		उभिओइनौं [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		उभिओइनस् [ubʱioi̯nʌs]		उभिओइनौ [ubʱioi̯nʌu̯]		उभिओइन [ubʱioi̯nʌ]		उभिओइनन् [ubʱioi̯nʌn]		उभिनुहोओइन [ubʱinuɦooi̯nʌ]
			नउभिउँला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũlä]	नउभिउँली [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũli]	नउभिऔंला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä]		नउभिएलास् [nʌ ͜ ubʱieläs]	नउभिएलिस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielis]	नउभिऔला, नउभिएलाउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ubʱieläu̯]	नउभिऔली, नउभिएलेउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ubʱieleu̯]	नउभिएला [nʌ ͜ ubʱielä]	नउभिएली [nʌ ͜ ubʱieli]	नउभिएलान्, नउभिएनन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielän, nʌ ͜ ubʱienʌn]	नउभिएलिन्, नउभिएनिन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielin, nʌ ͜ ubʱienin]	नउभिनुहोला [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦolä]
Injunctive		+	उभिऊँ [ubʱiũ]		उभिऔं, उभिऊँ [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, ubʱiũ]		उभि, उभिएस्, उभिए [ubʱi, ubʱies, ubʱie]		उभिऊ, उभिओ, उभिए [ubʱiu, ubʱio, ubʱie]		उभिओस् [ubʱios]		उभिऊन् [ubʱiun]		उभिनुहोओस् [ubʱinuɦoos]
		–	नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ]		नउभिऔं, नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ]		नउभि, नउभिएस्, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱi, nʌ ͜ ubʱies, nʌ ͜ ubʱie]		नउभिऊ, नउभिओ, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱiu, nʌ ͜ ubʱio, nʌ ͜ ubʱie]		नउभिओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱios]		नउभिऊन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱiun]		नउभिनुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦoos]
Imperative		+	—		—		उभि [ubʱi]		उभिअ, उभिओ [ubʱiʌ, ubʱio]		—		—		उभिनुहोस्, उभिनोस् [ubʱinuɦos, ubʱinos]
		–	—		—		नउभि [nʌ ͜ ubʱi]		नउभिअ, नउभिओ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ, nʌ ͜ ubʱio]		—		—		नउभिनुहोस्, नउभिनोस् [nʌubʱinuɦos, nʌubʱinos]

Further reading

• “उभिनु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018, page १४६, column 2
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “उभिनु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar, page 62
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “उभिनु”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 53
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 115