काष्ठ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কাষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬵᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
• কাষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰯𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀸𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
• ကာၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
• કાષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਾਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌾𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦴꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂰𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಾಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
• កាឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
• ກາຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
• കാഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘰𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢗᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧑𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐵𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
• କାଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢵꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆳𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖯𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
• කාෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩛𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚭𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
• காஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
• కాష్ఠ (Telugu script)
• กาษฺฐ (Thai script)
• ཀཱ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒰𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨊𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Hiersche derives the word from an unattested *कर्ष्ट (karṣṭa) / *कृष्ट (kṛṣṭa), with the sequence of sound changes being *कर्ष्ट (karṣṭa) > *कट्ठ (kaṭṭha) > *काठ (kāṭha) > (via hyper-Sanskritism) काष्ठ (kāṣṭha). He further derives this from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥štás, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥stós (“(something) cut off”), from the root *(s)kers-, an enlargement of *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).

Less likely, cognate with Ancient Greek κάστον (káston, “wood”).

Noun

काष्ठ • (kāṣṭha) stem, n

1. wood, timber

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of काष्ठ (kāṣṭha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	काष्ठम् kāṣṭham	काष्ठे kāṣṭhe	काष्ठानि / काष्ठा¹ kāṣṭhāni / kāṣṭhā¹
Vocative	काष्ठ kāṣṭha	काष्ठे kāṣṭhe	काष्ठानि / काष्ठा¹ kāṣṭhāni / kāṣṭhā¹
Accusative	काष्ठम् kāṣṭham	काष्ठे kāṣṭhe	काष्ठानि / काष्ठा¹ kāṣṭhāni / kāṣṭhā¹
Instrumental	काष्ठेन kāṣṭhena	काष्ठाभ्याम् kāṣṭhābhyām	काष्ठैः / काष्ठेभिः¹ kāṣṭhaiḥ / kāṣṭhebhiḥ¹
Dative	काष्ठाय kāṣṭhāya	काष्ठाभ्याम् kāṣṭhābhyām	काष्ठेभ्यः kāṣṭhebhyaḥ
Ablative	काष्ठात् kāṣṭhāt	काष्ठाभ्याम् kāṣṭhābhyām	काष्ठेभ्यः kāṣṭhebhyaḥ
Genitive	काष्ठस्य kāṣṭhasya	काष्ठयोः kāṣṭhayoḥ	काष्ठानाम् kāṣṭhānām
Locative	काष्ठे kāṣṭhe	काष्ठयोः kāṣṭhayoḥ	काष्ठेषु kāṣṭheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: kattha
• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: कट्ठ (kaṭṭha)
  • → Tamil: கட்டை (kaṭṭai)
  • → Telugu: కట్టె (kaṭṭe), కట్టియ (kaṭṭiya)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: কাঠ (kath)
  • Bengali: কাঠ (kaṭh)
• Hindi: कठ (kaṭh)
• Old Marathi: काडा (kāḍā)
  • Marathi: काष्ठ (kāṣṭha), काढ (kāḍh)
• Punjabi: ਕਾਠ (kāṭh)
• Romani: kaśt
• Telugu: కాష్ఠము (kāṣṭhamu)
• Malayalam: കാഷ്ഠം (kāṣṭhaṁ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “काष्ठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 281/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 345-6
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 205