गृध्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra). Doublet of गिद्ध (giddh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɪd̪ʱ.ɾᵊ/

Adjective

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) (indeclinable)

1. (rare, formal) greedy

   Synonyms: (more common) लालची (lālcī), लोभी (lobhī)

Noun

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) m

1. (rare, formal) a vulture

   Synonym: (more common) गिद्ध (giddh)

Declension

Declension of गृध्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्र gŕdhra
oblique	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रों gŕdhrõ
vocative	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रो gŕdhro

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “गृध्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृध्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “गृध्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৃধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬺᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• গৃধ্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰴𑰠𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဂၖဓြ (Burmese script)
• ગૃધ્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍃𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦽꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑃂𑂡𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೃಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
• គ្ឫធ្រ (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣິຘ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ഗൃധ്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᢡᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘵𑘠𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᢑᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧖𑧀𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐺𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଗୃଧ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢔꢺꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆸𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖴𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ගෘධ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩙𑩮 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚜𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• க்³ரித்⁴ர (Tamil script)
• గృధ్ర (Telugu script)
• คฺฤธฺร (Thai script)
• གྲྀ་དྷྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒵𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨜𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡŕ̩dʱ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “greedy”), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”).

Adjective

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem

1. desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृध्रः gṛ́dhraḥ	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Vocative	गृध्र gṛ́dhra	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्रान् gṛ́dhrān
Instrumental	गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative	गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative	गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive	गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of गृध्रा (gṛ́dhrā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृध्रा gṛ́dhrā	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ
Vocative	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ
Accusative	गृध्राम् gṛ́dhrām	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राः gṛ́dhrāḥ
Instrumental	गृध्रया / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrayā / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्राभिः gṛ́dhrābhiḥ
Dative	गृध्रायै gṛ́dhrāyai	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्राभ्यः gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ
Ablative	गृध्रायाः / गृध्रायै² gṛ́dhrāyāḥ / gṛ́dhrāyai²	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्राभ्यः gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ
Genitive	गृध्रायाः / गृध्रायै² gṛ́dhrāyāḥ / gṛ́dhrāyai²	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative	गृध्रायाम् gṛ́dhrāyām	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्रासु gṛ́dhrāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Vocative	गृध्र gṛ́dhra	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Accusative	गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्राणि / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrāṇi / gṛ́dhrā¹
Instrumental	गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative	गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative	गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive	गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: giddha

Etymology 2

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

Noun

गृध्र • (gṛ́dhra) stem, m

1. a vulture
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:

     उलूकयातुं शुशुलूकयातुं जहि श्वयातुमुत कोकयातुम्।
     सुपर्णयातुमुत गृध्रयातुं दृषदेव प्र मृण रक्ष इन्द्र॥

     ulūkayātuṃ śuśulūkayātuṃ jahi śvayātumuta kokayātum.
     suparṇayātumuta gṛdhrayātuṃ dṛṣadeva pra mṛṇa rakṣa indra.

     Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
     Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृध्रः gṛ́dhraḥ	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Vocative	गृध्र gṛ́dhra	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्राः / गृध्रासः¹ gṛ́dhrāḥ / gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गृध्रम् gṛ́dhram	गृध्रौ / गृध्रा¹ gṛ́dhrau / gṛ́dhrā¹	गृध्रान् gṛ́dhrān
Instrumental	गृध्रेण gṛ́dhreṇa	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रैः / गृध्रेभिः¹ gṛ́dhraiḥ / gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹
Dative	गृध्राय gṛ́dhrāya	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Ablative	गृध्रात् gṛ́dhrāt	गृध्राभ्याम् gṛ́dhrābhyām	गृध्रेभ्यः gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ
Genitive	गृध्रस्य gṛ́dhrasya	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्राणाम् gṛ́dhrāṇām
Locative	गृध्रे gṛ́dhre	गृध्रयोः gṛ́dhrayoḥ	गृध्रेषु gṛ́dhreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidhô)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidhô)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)
• Pali: gaddha
  • → Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha)
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidhô)
• → Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)
• → Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)
• → Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 361.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “गृध्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gṛ́dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474