स्फोट

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्फोट (sphoṭa). Doublet of फोड़ा (phoṛā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /spʰoːʈ/

Noun

स्फोट • (sphoṭ) m (rare, formal)

1. bursting, explosion
2. a swelling, tumour, boil
3. crackling, crash, roar

Declension

Declension of स्फोट (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोट sphoṭ
oblique	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोटों sphoṭõ
vocative	स्फोट sphoṭ	स्फोटो sphoṭo

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “स्फोट”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্ফোট (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬨᭀᬝ (Balinese script)
• স্ফোট (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰣𑰺𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀨𑁄𑀝 (Brahmi script)
• သ္ဖောဋ (Burmese script)
• સ્ફોટ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਫੋਟ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑍋𑌟 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦦꦺꦴꦛ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂤𑂷𑂗 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ಫೋಟ (Kannada script)
• ស្ផោដ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ໂຜຏ (Lao script)
• സ്ഫോട (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡦᠣᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘣𑘻𑘘 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠹᠣᠸᠠᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧃𑧜𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐦𑑀𑐚 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଫୋଟ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢧꣂꢜ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆦𑆾𑆛 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖣𑖺𑖘 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්ඵොට (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩱𑩕𑩦 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚟𑚴𑚔 (Takri script)
• ஸ்பே²ாட (Tamil script)
• స్ఫోట (Telugu script)
• สฺโผฏ (Thai script)
• སྥོ་ཊ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒤𑒼𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨟𑨆𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root स्फुट् (sphuṭ), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- or *(s)pel- (“to split”) with a *-t- extension. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), English split.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /spʰɐw.ʈɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪pʰoː.ʈɐ/

Noun

स्फोट • (sphoṭa) stem, m

1. bursting, explosion
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. a swelling, tumour, boil
3. crackling, crash, roar
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
4. (philosophy) sound (conceived as eternal, indivisible, and creative)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्फोट (sphoṭa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्फोटः sphoṭaḥ	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटाः / स्फोटासः¹ sphoṭāḥ / sphoṭāsaḥ¹
Vocative	स्फोट sphoṭa	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटाः / स्फोटासः¹ sphoṭāḥ / sphoṭāsaḥ¹
Accusative	स्फोटम् sphoṭam	स्फोटौ / स्फोटा¹ sphoṭau / sphoṭā¹	स्फोटान् sphoṭān
Instrumental	स्फोटेन sphoṭena	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटैः / स्फोटेभिः¹ sphoṭaiḥ / sphoṭebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्फोटाय sphoṭāya	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटेभ्यः sphoṭebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्फोटात् sphoṭāt	स्फोटाभ्याम् sphoṭābhyām	स्फोटेभ्यः sphoṭebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्फोटस्य sphoṭasya	स्फोटयोः sphoṭayoḥ	स्फोटानाम् sphoṭānām
Locative	स्फोटे sphoṭe	स्फोटयोः sphoṭayoḥ	स्फोटेषु sphoṭeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• विस्फोट (visphoṭa)

Related terms

• स्फुटति (sphuṭati)
• स्फोटयति (sphoṭayati)

Descendants

• Pali: phoṭa
• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀨𑁄𑀟 (phoḍa)
    • Konkani: फोड (phoḍ)
    • Marathi: फोड (phoḍ)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: फोर (phor)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: फोड़ा (phoṛā)

      Urdu: پھوڑا (phoṛā)

• → Kannada: ಸ್ಫೋಟ (sphōṭa)
• → Malayalam: സ്ഫോടനം (sphōṭanaṁ)
• → Hindi: स्फोट (sphoṭ) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्फोट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1270.
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्फोट”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्फोट”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 375
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 0986, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0986