いびる
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Ultimately from Old Japanese.[1] Cognate with 燻る (iburu, “to smoke, to smolder”, intransitive), and 炙る, 焙る (aburu, “to roast over a flame; to warm or dry over a flame”, transitive).
Originally had these meanings, which persist as less-used senses. This evolved over time to mean to tease, to torment, to give someone a hard time. Compare use of English roast in the senses of to admonish severely or to criticize severely.
For unknown reasons, this verb is never spelled with kanji.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
いびる • (ibiru) transitive godan (stem いびり (ibiri), past いびった (ibitta))
- to tease, to torment
- to pester, to nag, to wheedle someone into doing something
- to slow-roast something
- to boil something
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "いびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | いびら | ibira | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | いびり | ibiri | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | いびる | ibiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | いびる | ibiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | いびれ | ibire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | いびれ | ibire | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | いびられる | ibirareru | |
| Causative | いびらせる いびらす |
ibiraseru ibirasu | |
| Potential | いびれる | ibireru | |
| Volitional | いびろう | ibirō | |
| Negative | いびらない | ibiranai | |
| Negative continuative | いびらず | ibirazu | |
| Formal | いびります | ibirimasu | |
| Perfective | いびった | ibitta | |
| Conjunctive | いびって | ibitte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | いびれば | ibireba | |
Synonyms[edit]
- (torment): 苛める (ijimeru); 苛む (sainamu)
- (pester): 強請る (nedaru)
- (roast): 炙る (aburu), 焙る (aburu); 焼く (yaku)
- (boil): 茹でる (yuderu)
References[edit]
- ^ 2003, ベネッセ古語辞典 (Benesse Dictionary of Archaic Words) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Benesse, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN