むくい
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Japanese[edit]
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 報い 酬い (less common) |
Etymology[edit]
From Old Japanese. First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Originally derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくゆ (mukuyu, “to repay, to recompense”). In modern Japanese, analyzable as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the modern descendant of mukuyu, verb 報いる・酬いる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) むくい [mùkúíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) むくい [mùkúꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][4][3]
- (Tokyo) むくい [mùkúí] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][3]
- IPA(key): [mɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝi]
Noun[edit]
- [from 720] 報い, 酬い: (positive) reward, recompense, or (negative) retribution for having done something
- [from circa 999] 報い, 酬い: karma, karmic effect from something done in a previous life
- Synonym: (either positive or negative) 果報 (kahō)
Verb[edit]
- 報い, 酬い: the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくいる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”)
Verb[edit]
むくいする • (mukui suru) suru (stem むくいし (mukuisuru shi), past むくいした (mukuisuru shita))
- [from 1884] 報い, 酬い: to give thanks or compensate to someone for an action
- Synonyms: (“thanks”) 謝礼 (sharei), (“compensation, payment”) 報酬 (hōshū)
- [from circa 935] 報い, 酬い: to retaliate against or wreak vengeance on someone for an action
- Synonyms: (“retaliation”) 仕返し (shikaeshi), (“revenge, vengeance”) 復讐 (fukushū)
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of "むくいする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | むくいし | mukui shi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | むくいし | mukui shi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | むくいする | mukui suru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | むくいする | mukui suru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | むくいすれ | mukui sure | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | むくいせよ¹ むくいしろ² |
mukui seyo¹ mukui shiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | むくいされる | mukui sareru | ||
| Causative | むくいさせる むくいさす |
mukui saseru mukui sasu | ||
| Potential | むくいできる | mukui dekiru | ||
| Volitional | むくいしよう | mukui shiyō | ||
| Negative | むくいしない | mukui shinai | ||
| Negative continuative | むくいせず | mukui sezu | ||
| Formal | むくいします | mukui shimasu | ||
| Perfective | むくいした | mukui shita | ||
| Conjunctive | むくいして | mukui shite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | むくいすれば | mukui sureba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN