三千大千世界

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Chinese[edit]

		three	thousand	Zhang Daqian, a Chinese artist and forger.	world; the World
simp. and trad. (三千大千世界)		三	千	大千	世界

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三千大千世界

Etymology[edit]

Calque of Sanskrit त्रिसहस्र महासहस्र लोकधातु (trisahasra mahāsahasra lokadhātu).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢㄑㄧㄢㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sānqiān-dàqiān-shìjiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢㄑㄧㄢㄉㄚˋ ㄑㄧㄢㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sanciandàcianshìhjiè
  - Wade–Giles: san¹-chʻien¹-ta⁴-chʻien¹-shih⁴-chieh⁴
  - Yale: sān-chyān-dà-chyān-shr̀-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanchiandahchianshyhjieh
  - Palladius: саньцяньдацяньшицзе (sanʹcjanʹdacjanʹšicze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: sam|samH tshen dajH|daH tshen syejH keajH

Rime
Character	三	三	千	大	大	世	界
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	清 (14)	定 (7)	定 (7)	書 (26)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)	先 (85)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	祭 (35)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV	I	I	III	II
Fanqie	蘇甘切	蘇暫切	蒼先切	徒蓋切	唐佐切	舒制切	古拜切
Baxter	sam	samH	tshen	dajH	daH	syejH	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiᴇi^H/	/kˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/	/kᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰɛn/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕjæi^H/	/kɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/sam^H/	/t͡sʰɛn/	/daj^H/	/da^H/	/ɕiaj^H/	/kəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰen/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕiɛi^H/	/kɛi^H/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰien/	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ɕĭɛi^H/	/kɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/sɑm^H/	/t͡sʰien/	/dʱɑi^H/	/dʱɑ^H/	/ɕi̯ɛi^H/	/kăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	sàn	qiān	dài	duò	shì	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam¹	saam³	cin¹	daai⁶	do⁶	sai³	gaai³

Noun[edit]

三千大千世界

(Buddhism) a trichiliocosm (a universe containing a billion worlds).
Synonyms: 大千世界 (dàqiānshìjiè), 三千世界 (sānqiān shìjiè)
- 譬如三千大千世界所有地種。假使有人磨以為墨。過於東方千國土乃下一點。大如微塵。又過千國土復下一點。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  譬如三千大千世界所有地种。假使有人磨以为墨。过于东方千国土乃下一点。大如微尘。又过千国土复下一点。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 妙法蓮華經
  Pìrú sānqiāndàqiānshìjiè suǒyǒu dì zhǒng. Jiǎshǐ yǒu rén mó yǐ wèi mò. Guòyú dōngfāng qiān guótǔ nǎi xià yīdiǎn. Dà rú wēichén. Yòu guò qiān guótǔ fù xià yīdiǎn. [Pinyin]
  Suppose someone were to grind all the earth in the trichiliocosm into ink powder and then suppose he passed through a thousand lands to the east and then dropped a particle the size of a mote of dust, and then passing through another thousand lands deposited another mote.

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (三千大千世界):

→ Japanese: 三千(さんぜん)大千(だいせん)世界(せかい) (sanzendaisensekai)
→ Korean: 삼천대천세계(三千大千世界) (samcheondaecheonsegye)
→ Vietnamese: tam thiên đại thiên thế giới (三千大千世界)

See also[edit]

小千世界 (xiǎo qiān shìjiè)
中千世界 (zhōng qiān shìjiè)
三千世界 (sānqiān shìjiè)

Further reading[edit]

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “三千大千世界” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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