候う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
候
そうろ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Shift from 侍(さぶら)う (saburau).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ɯ̟ᵝ]
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]

Verb

候(そうろ)う • (sōrou) ^{←さうらふ (saurafu)?}godan (stem 候(そうろ)い (sōroi), past 候(そうろ)った (sōrotta))

1. to serve
2. to be

Conjugation

Conjugation of "候う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	候わ	そうろわ	sōrowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	候い	そうろい	sōroi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	候う	そうろう	sōrou
Rentaikei ("attributive")	候う	そうろう	sōrou
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	候え	そうろえ	sōroe
Meireikei ("imperative")	候え	そうろえ	sōroe
Key constructions
Passive	候われる	そうろわれる	sōrowareru
Causative	候わせる 候わす	そうろわせる そうろわす	sōrowaseru sōrowasu
Potential	候える	そうろえる	sōroeru
Volitional	候おう	そうろおう	sōroō
Negative	候わない	そうろわない	sōrowanai
Negative continuative	候わず	そうろわず	sōrowazu
Formal	候います	そうろいます	sōroimasu
Perfective	候った	そうろった	sōrotta
Conjunctive	候って	そうろって	sōrotte
Hypothetical conditional	候えば	そうろえば	sōroeba

Classical conjugation of "候ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	候は	さうらは	saurafa
Continuative (連用形)	候ひ	さうらひ	saurafi
Terminal (終止形)	候ふ	さうらふ	saurafu
Attributive (連体形)	候ふ	さうらふ	saurafu
Realis (已然形)	候へ	さうらへ	saurafe
Imperative (命令形)	候へ	さうらへ	saurafe
Key constructions
Negative	候はず	さうらはず	saurafazu
Contrasting conjunction	候へど	さうらへど	saurafedo
Causal conjunction	候へば	さうらへば	saurafeba
Conditional conjunction	候はば	さうらはば	saurafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	候ひき	さうらひき	saurafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	候ひけり	さうらひけり	saurafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	候ひつ	さうらひつ	saurafitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	候ひぬ	さうらひぬ	saurafinu
Perfect-continuative tense	候へり 候ひたり	さうらへり さうらひたり	sauraferi saurafitari
Volitional	候はむ	さうらはむ	saurafamu

Derived terms

• で候(そうろう) (de sōrō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
候
さもら Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
候
さむら Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
候
さぶら Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 候う – see the following entry.

【侍さもらう】 [verb] to wait for a chance [verb] to serve by one's side 【侍さぶらう】 [verb] to serve by one's side [verb] (copula) to be 【侍さむらう】 [verb] (copula) to be [verb] verbal suffix

(This term, 候う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
候
もら Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 候う – see the following entry.

【守もらう】 [verb] (Classical Japanese) to be watching continuously, to be on watch repeatedly, to be on look out

(This term, 候う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)