front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward |
to set; to fix; to determine to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (前定) | 前 | 定 | |
| simp. #(前定) | 前 | 定 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 前 | 定 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 昨先切 | 徒徑切 |
| Baxter | dzen | dengH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zen/ | /deŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zen/ | /deŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zɛn/ | /dɛŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zɛn/ | /dɛjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zen/ | /deŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zien/ | /dieŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱien/ | /dʱieŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qián | dìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
cin4 | ding6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 前 | 定 | 定 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qián | dìng | dìng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzen › | ‹ dengH › | ‹ dengH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[dz]ˁen/ (~ *m-dzˁen) | /*N-tˁeŋ-s/ | /*m-tˁeŋ-s/ |
| English | before | become fixed; settled (v.i.) | make fixed, settle (v.t.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 前 | 定 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10256 | 17187 |
| Phonetic component |
前 | 正 |
| Rime group |
元 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
前 | 定 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zleːn/ | /*deːŋs/ |
| Notes | 小徐正聲 | |
前定
前定