劫難

See also: 劫难

Chinese

		plunder	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (劫難)		劫	難
simp. (劫难)		劫	难

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “eon”) 劫波 + native Chinese 難 (“hardship”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiénàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gip³ naan⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiap-lān

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiénàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄋㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiénàn
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-nan⁴
    • Yale: jyé-nàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyenann
    • Palladius: цзенань (czenanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ nän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gip³ naan⁶
    • Yale: gip naahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gip⁸ naan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gib³ nan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːp̚³ naːn²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap-lān
    • Tâi-lô: kiap-lān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiaplan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiap̚³²⁻⁵ lan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²⁻⁴ lan³³/

Noun

劫難

1. disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次; 種／种)

Synonyms

• 亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
• 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
• 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
• 劫煞 (Hokkien)
• 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
• 大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
• 天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
• 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
• 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
• 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
• 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
• 慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
• 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
• 沙𧐔 (Teochew)
• 浩劫 (hàojié)
• 災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
• 災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
• 災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
• 災害／灾害 (zāihài)
• 災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
• 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
• 災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
• 災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
• 癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
• 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
• 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
• 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
• 禍息／祸息 (ho⁵ si⁶) (Xiang)
• 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
• 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)