piece; chunk; lump piece; chunk; lump; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); (measure word for chunks, lumps); yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick |
so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (塊然) | 塊 | 然 | |
| simp. (块然) | 块 | 然 | |
| alternative forms | 魁然 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 塊 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 苦對切 | 如延切 |
| Baxter | khwojH | nyen |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰuʌiH/ | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰuoiH/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰuɒiH/ | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰwəjH/ | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰuᴀiH/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰuɒiH/ | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰuɑ̆iH/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kuì | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
fui3 | jin4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 塊 | 塊 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kuài | kuài | rán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khwɛjH › | ‹ khwojH › | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[kʰ]ˁ<r>uj-s/ | /*[kʰ]ˁuj-s/ | /*[n]a[n]/ |
| English | clod, lump | clod; lump | so, thus; (adv suffix) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 塊 | 塊 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4666 | 4676 | 10756 |
| Phonetic component |
鬼 | 鬼 | 肰 |
| Rime group |
微 | 隊 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
塊 | 蒯 | 然 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰuːls/ | /*kʰruːds/ | /*njen/ |
| Notes | 說文凷或體 | 或作墤，廣韻只作墤 | |
塊然