山西

Chinese

		mountain; hill	west
simp. and trad. (山西)		山	西
anagram		西山
Literally: “west of the mountain”.

Etymology

Shanxi

From the position of the province's central Fen River valley west of the Taihang Mountains.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Shānxī

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ sai¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sân-sî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ xi¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-să̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-sai / Soaⁿ-se

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ sai¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹se-shi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shānxī
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shansi
    • Wade–Giles: Shan¹-hsi¹
    • Yale: Shān-syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanshi
    • Palladius: Шаньси (Šanʹsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ sai¹
    • Yale: sāan sāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ sai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ sei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-sî
    • Hakka Romanization System: san´ xi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: san¹ xi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-să̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-sai
    • Tâi-lô: Suann-sai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoasay
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ sai³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-se
    • Tâi-lô: Suann-se
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoasef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suan¹ sai¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ sai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ sai³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹se-shi
    • MiniDict: se^平 shi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: srean sej

Rime
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	所閒切	先稽切
Baxter	srean	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/sei/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/siei/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan1	sai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar  s-nˤər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn  sɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*s-nˁər/
English	mountain, hill	west
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	西
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	13236
Phonetic component	山	西
Rime group	元	微
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	山	西
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*sɯːl/

Proper noun

山西

1. (～省) Shanxi (a province of China)
2. (historical, specifically) the area to the west of the Taihang Mountains
3. (historical, specifically) the area to the west of Mount Hua

Noun

山西

1. west of the mountain (in general)

Related terms

• 山東／山东 (Shāndōng)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山	西
さん Grade: 1	せい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Proper noun

山(さん)西(せい) • (Sansei) 

1. Shanxi province

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山	西
やま Grade: 1	にし Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Proper noun

山(やま)西(にし) • (Yamanishi) 

1. a surname

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	西

Proper noun

山西 • (Sanseo) (hangeul 산서)

1. Hanja form^? of 산서 (“Shanxi”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	西

Proper noun

山西

1. chữ Hán form of Sơn Tây (“Shanxi”).