to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct |
to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
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simp. and trad. (建言) |
建 | 言 |
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edit 建言諫言/谏言 腱炎 踐言/践言 |
Rime | ||
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Character | 建 | 言 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 疑 (31) |
Final (韻) | 元 (65) | 元 (65) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 居万切 | 語軒切 |
Baxter | kjonH | ngjon |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɨɐnH/ | /ŋɨɐn/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kiɐnH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kiɐnH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kɨanH/ | /ŋɨan/ |
Li Rong |
/kiɐnH/ | /ŋiɐn/ |
Wang Li |
/kĭɐnH/ | /ŋĭɐn/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kɨ̯ɐnH/ | /ŋɨ̯ɐn/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiàn | yán |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gin3 | jin4 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||||
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Character | 建 | 言 | 言 | 言 | 言 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiàn | yán | yán | yán | yán |
Middle Chinese |
‹ kjonH › | ‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › | ‹ ngjon › |
Old Chinese |
/*[k]a[n]-s/ | /*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[n]/ | /*ŋa[r]/ |
English | set up, establish | (a particle) | I, we | speak; speech | tall |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
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Character | 建 | 言 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 6220 | 14271 |
Phonetic component |
建 | 言 |
Rime group |
元 | 元 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
建 | 言 |
Old Chinese |
/*kans/ | /*ŋan/ |
建言