悩める
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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悩 |
なや Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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惱める (kyūjitai) |
Etymology 1[edit]
From 悩む (nayamu, “to be vexed, to be bothered about something; to suffer physical distress”), as a regular shift to the 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) conjugation pattern.[1][2][3] Compare a similar shift for つく (tsuku, “to stick to something”, intransitive) and つける (tsukeru, “to stick something to something else”, transitive).
First cited to 1563.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
- [from 1563] (transitive) to vex, to annoy, to cause distress, to make someone suffer
- [from 1921] (intransitive, rare) to be vexed, to be bothered about something, to be distressed about something
Usage notes[edit]
Much like root verb 悩む (nayamu), this derivative nayameru has been used with both transitive and intransitive senses. The transitive sense appears to be far more common.
Etymology 2[edit]
Ultimately from 悩む (nayamu) in the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of nayami + stative / resultative copula あり (ari, “to be”), in the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive”) conjugation. See further sound-shift details at り#Japanese:_ri-verb-suffix.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
- the adnominal or attributive form of stative / resultative 悩めり (nayameri, “has been vexed”)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “悩”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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