拳

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See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 拳
alternative forms 搼

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潫 *qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢 *ɡroːns
勬 *kron, *krons
韏 *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷 *krons
桊 *krons
絭 *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠 *krons, *ɡron
飬 *krons
弮 *kʰron, *krons
拳 *ɡron
卷 *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤 *ɡron
券 *kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology[edit]

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.
Rime
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (80)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨員切
Baxter gjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡʷᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gwian/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjuɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjwen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kro[n]/
English fist (< rolled-up hand)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
No. 7165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		權
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡron/

Definitions[edit]

拳

  1. fist
  2. Chinese boxing
  3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
  4. Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
  5. a surname
  6. Martial

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 拳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拳頭, 拳
Mandarin Beijing 拳頭
Taiwan 拳頭
Ulanhot 拳頭
Tongliao 拳頭
Chifeng 拳頭
Bayanhot 拳頭, 槌頭
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 拳頭
Harbin 拳頭
Jinan 拳頭, 拳
Luoyang 拳頭
Wanrong 槌頭子
Wanrong (Ronghe) 槌骨嘟
Zhengzhou 槌
Xi'an 槌頭子
Yinchuan 槌頭
Lanzhou 槌頭
Xining 槌頭, 槌骨嘟
Ürümqi 槌頭
Wuhan 拳頭, 槌子
Chengdu 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
Guiyang 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
Kunming 拳頭
Guilin 拳頭
Liuzhou 拳頭
Xuzhou 皮槌, 槌頭子
Yangzhou 拳頭
Nanjing 拳頭
Hefei 拳頭
Nantong 拳頭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 槌頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 拳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 拳頭公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 拳頭
Taishan 拳頭
Dongguan 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yangjiang 拳頭, 槌頭
Xinyi 拳槌
Nanning 拳頭, 拳槌
Wuzhou 拳頭, 拳槌
Yulin 拳槌
Hepu (Lianzhou) 拳頭, 槌頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 拳頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 拳頭
Gan Nanchang 拳頭, 槌頭
Lichuan 拳頭
Pingxiang 槌頭牯
Hakka Meixian 拳頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 拳頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 拳牯
Wengyuan 拳頭
Liannan 拳
Jiexi 拳頭牯
Luhe 拳頭牯
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 拳頭嫲牯
Changting 拳頭
Wuping 拳頭
Wuping (Yanqian) 拳頭
Ninghua 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yudu 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Ningdu 拳頭腦
Shicheng 拳頭牯
Tonggu (Sandu) 拳頭
Ganzhou (Panlong) 拳頭
Dayu 拳頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Yangxi (Tangkou) 拳頭
Yangchun (Sanjia) 拳頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 拳頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 拳頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 拳頭
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 拳頭
Huazhou (Xin'an) 拳捶
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 拳, 拳頭
Lianjiang (Qingping) 拳頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 拳
Luchuan 拳
Luchuan (Daqiao) 槌
Senai (Huiyang) 拳頭
Huizhou Jixi 拳頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
Pingyao 圪都, 槌頭子
Xinzhou 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
Taibus (Baochang) 拳頭
Linhe 槌頭
Jining 拳頭
Hohhot 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
Baotou 拳頭
Dongsheng 拳頭
Haibowan 槌頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 拳頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Fuqing 拳頭, 拳頭母
Southern Min Xiamen 拳頭母, 拳頭
Quanzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jinjiang 拳頭母
Yongchun 拳頭母
Zhangzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Zhao'an 拳頭, 拳頭母
Dongshan 拳頭母
Taipei 拳頭母
New Taipei (Sanxia) 拳頭母
Kaohsiung 拳頭母, 拳頭
Yilan 拳頭, 拳頭母
Changhua (Lukang) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Taichung 拳頭母
Taichung (Wuqi) 拳頭母
Tainan 拳頭母
Taitung 拳頭母
Hsinchu 拳頭, 拳頭母
Kinmen 拳頭
Penghu (Magong) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Penang (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Manila (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Zhangping (Yongfu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Pingnan (Shangdu) 拳頭母
Chaozhou 拳頭母
Shantou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jieyang 拳頭母
Haifeng 拳頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 拳頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 拳頭
Wenchang 拳母, 拳頭母
Haikou 拳母, 拳
Puxian Min Putian 拳頭
Xianyou 拳頭牯
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 拳頭, 拳槌
Shehua Fu'an 拳頭
Fuding 拳頭
Luoyuan 拳頭
Sanming 拳頭
Shunchang 拳頭
Hua'an 拳頭
Cangnan 拳頭
Jingning 拳頭牯
Lishui 鋤頭牯
Longyou 鋤頭牯
Chaozhou 拳頭
Fengshun 拳頭牯
Wu Shanghai 拳頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 拳頭
Suzhou 拳頭
Wuxi 拳頭
Danyang 拳頭
Hangzhou 拳頭
Ningbo 拳頭
Wenzhou 拳, 拳頭
Jinhua 拳, 拳頭
Xiang Changsha 拳頭牯
Loudi 槌頭牯, 槌頭
Shuangfeng 槌頭牯
Quanzhou 拳頭

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (拳):
  • → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
  • → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
  • → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)

Others:

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 拳
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3][4]
拳󠄁
拳+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
拳󠄃
拳+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

拳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
  2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
拳
こぶし
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 拳 – see the following entry.
【こぶし】
[noun] [from 810] fist
[noun] [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
[noun] [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
[noun] [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
[noun] [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
[noun] [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
【こぶしコブシ】
[noun] [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus
Alternative spelling
辛夷
(This term, 拳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
拳
けん
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

拳(けん) • (ken) 

  1. [from 1500s] a fist
    Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
  2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
  3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

Suffix[edit]

拳(けん) • (-ken) 

  1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
    Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
    蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
    tōrōken
    mantis style
    太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
    taikyokuken
    tai chi
    波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
    Hadōken
    Surge Fist

References[edit]

  1. ^ “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “拳”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital)
  4. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital)
  5. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

  1. Hanja form? of 권 (“fist”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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