新し
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| あたら Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Shift in meaning from classical adjective 可惜し (atarashi, “precious, regrettable”).
By metathesis both meanings of 可惜し (atarashi) and 新たし (aratashi, “new, novel”) were compounded into this atarashi around the developmental stages of Middle Japanese, while aratashi fell out of use. See 新しい (atarashii) for further details of its etymology. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Adjective[edit]
Conjugation[edit]
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 新しく[1] 新しから[2] |
あたらしく あたらしから |
atarasiku atarasikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 新しく[1] 新しかり[2] |
あたらしく あたらしかり |
atarasiku atarasikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 新し | あたらし | atarasi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 新しき 新しかる |
あたらしき あたらしかる |
atarasiki atarasikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 新しけれ | あたらしけれ | atarasikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 新しかれ | あたらしかれ | atarasikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 新しからず | あたらしからず | atarasikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 新しけれど | あたらしけれど | atarasikeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 新しければ | あたらしければ | atarasikereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 新しくば | あたらしくば | atarasikuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 新しかりき | あたらしかりき | atarasikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 新しかりけり | あたらしかりけり | atarasikarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 新しく | あたらしく | atarasiku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
- 新しい (atarashii, modern form)
- 新しがる (atarashigaru)
- 新しさ (atarashisa)
- 新し物好き (atarashi monozuki)
- 新し屋 (atarashiya)
Proverbs[edit]
- 沓新しといえども冠となさず (kutsu atarashi to iedomo kanmuri to nasazu)
- 沓新しと雖も首に加えず (kutsu atarashi to iedomo kubi ni kuwaezu)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| あら(た) Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Derived from adjectival noun 新た (arata, “new”) + し (-shi, adjectival suffix).
By metathesis this aratashi and 可惜し (atarashi, “precious, regrettable”) merged into atarashi above around the developmental stages of Middle Japanese. See 新しい (atarashii) for further details of its etymology. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Adjective[edit]
Conjugation[edit]
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 新しく[1] 新しから[2] |
あらたしく あらたしから |
aratasiku aratasikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 新しく[1] 新しかり[2] |
あらたしく あらたしかり |
aratasiku aratasikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 新し | あらたし | aratasi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 新しき 新しかる |
あらたしき あらたしかる |
aratasiki aratasikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 新しけれ | あらたしけれ | aratasikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 新しかれ | あらたしかれ | aratasikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 新しからず | あらたしからず | aratasikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 新しけれど | あらたしけれど | aratasikeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 新しければ | あらたしければ | aratasikereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 新しくば | あらたしくば | aratasikuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 新しかりき | あらたしかりき | aratasikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 新しかりけり | あらたしかりけり | aratasikarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 新しく | あらたしく | aratasiku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 新 |
| にい Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Derived from root 新 (nii, “fresh, new, original”) + し (-shi, adjectival suffix).
Adjective[edit]
新し • (niishi) ←にひし (nifisi)?†-shiku
- (obsolete) Same as あたらし (atarashi) above
Conjugation[edit]
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 新しく[1] 新しから[2] |
にひしく にひしから |
nifisiku nifisikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 新しく[1] 新しかり[2] |
にひしく にひしかり |
nifisiku nifisikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 新し | にひし | nifisi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 新しき 新しかる |
にひしき にひしかる |
nifisiki nifisikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 新しけれ | にひしけれ | nifisikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 新しかれ | にひしかれ | nifisikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 新しからず | にひしからず | nifisikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 新しけれど | にひしけれど | nifisikeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 新しければ | にひしければ | nifisikereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 新しくば | にひしくば | nifisikuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 新しかりき | にひしかりき | nifisikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 新しかりけり | にひしかりけり | nifisikarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 新しく | にひしく | nifisiku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Antonyms[edit]
- Japanese terms spelled with 新 read as あたら
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese しく-shiku adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 新 read as あら
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 新 read as にい