曲る

Japanese[edit]

A denominal verb, from noun 曲 (kyoku, “something off, bent, or not quite right”) +‎ る (-ru, generic verb-forming suffix).^[1]^[2]^[3]

曲(きょく)る • (kyokuru) ^†yodan

[from 1439] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to tease, to make fun of, to make a fool of, to ridicule, to mock
Synonyms: からかう (karakau), ひやかす (hiyakasu), ちゃかす (chakasu)
[from 1724] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to joke around, to kid, to talk around a subject; to speak kindly or gently
[from 1851] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to perform an acrobatic stunt or trick

Classical conjugation of "曲る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	曲ら	きょくら	kyokura
Continuative (連用形)	曲り	きょくり	kyokuri
Terminal (終止形)	曲る	きょくる	kyokuru
Attributive (連体形)	曲る	きょくる	kyokuru
Realis (已然形)	曲れ	きょくれ	kyokure
Imperative (命令形)	曲れ	きょくれ	kyokure
Key constructions
Negative	曲らず	きょくらず	kyokurazu
Contrasting conjunction	曲れど	きょくれど	kyokuredo
Causal conjunction	曲れば	きょくれば	kyokureba
Conditional conjunction	曲らば	きょくらば	kyokuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	曲りき	きょくりき	kyokuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	曲りけり	きょくりけり	kyokurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	曲りつ	きょくりつ	kyokuritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	曲りぬ	きょくりぬ	kyokurinu
Perfect-continuative tense	曲れり曲りたり	きょくれりきょくりたり	kyokureri kyokuritari
Volitional	曲らむ	きょくらむ	kyokuramu

Uncommon variant spelling for 曲がる (magaru), omitting the が (ga) from the okurigana.

For pronunciation and definitions of 曲る – see the following entry.

[verb] to bend, to curve, to warp, to wind, to twist

[verb] to turn

[verb] to be awry, to be askew, to be crooked

(This term, 曲る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

^ “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ “曲る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN