曾經

See also: 曾经

Chinese

		already; used to	passed through
trad. (曾經)		曾	經
simp. (曾经)		曾	经

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): céngjīng

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cang⁴ ging¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhèn-kîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cên² gin¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chêng-keng / chn̂g-keng / cheng-keng / chan-keng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng⁵ gêng¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: céngjīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: céngjing
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻêng²-ching¹
    • Yale: tséng-jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserngjing
    • Palladius: цэнцзин (cɛnczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cang⁴ ging¹
    • Yale: chàhng gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsang⁴ ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ceng⁴ ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèn-kîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cenˇ gin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cen² gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰen¹¹ kin²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cên² gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛn¹¹ kin⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-keng
    • Tâi-lô: tsîng-king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengkefng
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g-keng
    • Tâi-lô: tsn̂g-king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngkefng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-keng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengkefng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan-keng
    • Tâi-lô: tsan-king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zankefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêng⁵ gêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsêng keng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ keŋ³³/

Adverb

曾經

1. once; before; used to; in the past

   我曾經是老師最心疼的學生。 [MSC, trad.]
   我曾经是老师最心疼的学生。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ céngjīng shì lǎoshī zuì xīnténg de xuéshēng. [Pinyin]

   I used to be the teacher's most beloved student.

Usage notes

• Since Chinese does not have grammatical tense, adverbs like these are used to indicate that something has happened in the past.

Synonyms

• 上早 (Hakka)
• 以前 (yǐqián)
• 先前 (xiānqián)
• 先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
• 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
• 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
• 原在 (Hakka)
• 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
• 向來／向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
• 嘗／尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
• 在前 (zàiqián)
• 家先 (Hakka)
• 往擺／往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 往擺仔／往摆仔 (Hokkien)
• 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
• 往過／往过 (Hokkien)
• 往過仔／往过仔 (Hokkien)
• 從前／从前 (cóngqián)
• 早先 (zǎoxiān)
• 早年所 (Hokkien)
• 早時／早时 (Hokkien)
• 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
• 昔時／昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
• 曾
• 當初／当初 (dāngchū)
• 舊擺／旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
• 舊早／旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
• 過前／过前 (Hainanese)