松楸

Chinese

		pine	Catalpa; Mallotus japonicus
trad. (松楸)		松	楸
simp. #(松楸)		松	楸

Etymology

松 (sōng, “pine tree”) and 楸 (qiū, “Catalpa bungei”) used to be trees commonly planted in graveyards, hence becoming a metonym for graves.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sōngqiū

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sōngqiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: songciou
    • Wade–Giles: sung¹-chʻiu¹
    • Yale: sūng-chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songchiou
    • Palladius: сунцю (suncju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: zjowng tshjuw

Rime
Character	松	楸
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	祥容切	七由切
Baxter	zjowng	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨoŋ/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawŋ/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/zioŋ/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/zĭwoŋ/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯woŋ/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sóng	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung4	cau1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɢloŋ  sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	松
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sōng
Middle Chinese	‹ zjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.ɢoŋ/
English	pine (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	松	楸
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4115	10540
Phonetic component	公	秋
Rime group	東	幽
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	松	秋
Old Chinese	/*sɢloŋ/	/*sʰɯw/

Noun

松楸

1. (literary, figurative) grave; tomb
2. (literary, figurative) the tombs of one's deceased parents or other relatives