桔梗

Chinese

		tangerine; Platycodon grandiflorus	stem
simp. and trad. (桔梗)		桔	梗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiégěng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ gang², gat¹ gang²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiégěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiégěng
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-kêng³
    • Yale: jyé-gěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyegeeng
    • Palladius: цзегэн (czegɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: git³ gang², gat¹ gang²
    • Yale: git gáng, gāt gáng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gang², gat⁷ gang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid³ geng², ged¹ geng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kɐŋ³⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ kɐŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kēng
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: ket kaengX

Rime
Character	桔	梗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	古屑切	古杏切
Baxter	ket	kaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/kˠæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/kᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/kaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/kaɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/kɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	gěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3	gang2

Noun

桔梗

1. (traditional Chinese medicine) The root of the balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus).

Japanese

桔梗 (kikyō): the Chinese bellflower

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
き Jinmeiyō	きょう Grade: S
yutōyomi

/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X). Compare modern Cantonese reading git³ gang².

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ききょー [kìkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi̥kʲo̞ː]

Noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō) ^{←ききやう (kikyau)?}

1. (botany) The platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus.

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キキョウ.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
きち Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: S
on’yomi

/kitikau/ → /kit͡ɕikɔː/ → /kit͡ɕikoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X), using alternate kanji readings.

This reading is less common than kikyō above, and may be obsolete.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲit͡ɕiko̞ː]

Noun

桔(きち)梗(こう) • (kichikō) 

1. (possibly obsolete) The platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus.

Korean

Hanja in this term
桔	梗

Noun

桔梗 • (gilgyeong) (hangeul 길경)

1. Hanja form^? of 길경.