正しい

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Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
ただ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (tada, straight; direct; straightforward) +‎ (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, origin of and superseded by modern しい (shii)).[1]

First appears in 858 CE in the 大智度論 (Daichido-ron), the Japanese rendering of the Chinese text Da zhidu lun. Used primarily in 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) contexts, with almost no usage in 和文 (wabun, Japanese texts) or kana contexts until after the Heian Period.[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "正しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 正しく しく
だし
[tàdáꜜshìkù]
[tàdáshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 正しい だし [tàdáshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 正しい だし [tàdáshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 正しくない しくない
だしくない
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàì]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 正しかった しかった
だしかった
[tàdáꜜshìkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 正しくなかった しくなかった
だしくなかった
[tàdáꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tàdáshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 正しいです だしいです [tàdáshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 正しくて しくて
だしくて
[tàdáꜜshìkùtè]
[tàdáshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 正しければ しければ
だしければ
[tàdáꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tàdáshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective[edit]

(ただ)しい (tadashii-i (adverbial (ただ)しく (tadashiku))

  1. (physically) true, straight, unwarped, unskewed, proper
  2. (abstractly) correct, right, true
Inflection[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
まさ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Derived from (masa, right, proper; just, fair; straight-grained (as of wood); straight) +‎ (-shi, adjective-forming suffix, superseded in modern usage by しい (shii)).[1][2]

First appears in an 830 CE copy of the 金光明最勝王経 (Konkōmyō Saishō Ō Kyō, Golden Light Sutra) in a 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, Japanese-language readings of Classical Chinese texts, literally Chinese text, meaning (Japanese) reading) context,[1] and later phonetically in the 905 CE work 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū, Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times).[1][2][5]

Still in use in the early 1600s,[6] then apparently falling into partial disuse. The full adjective form masashii is no longer included in some dictionaries.[2][4][5] Persists in dialect in the modern language, and as adverbial form 正しく (masashiku).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

(まさ)しい (masashii-i (adverbial (まさ)しく (masashiku))

  1. (uncommon, dialect) factual, true, correct, accurate
  2. (uncommon, dialect) genuine, real
  3. (uncommon, dialect) actual, real, certain
Inflection[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, see the Masaxij entry to the left of the highlighted term (in Portuguese)