獨立自主

Chinese

		to stand alone; to be independent; to stand on one's own	to take the initiative; to act autonomously; to have self-determination
trad. (獨立自主)		獨立	自主
simp. (独立自主)		独立	自主

Etymology

Popularized by Mao Zedong during the founding of the People's Republic of China, however usage may be attested before then.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dúlìzìzhǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶ laap⁶ zi⁶ zyu², duk⁶ lap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dúlìzìzhǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄗˋ ㄓㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dúlìzìhjhǔ
    • Wade–Giles: tu²-li⁴-tzŭ⁴-chu³
    • Yale: dú-lì-dz̀-jǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwulihtzyhjuu
    • Palladius: дулицзычжу (duliczyčžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: duk⁶ laap⁶ zi⁶ zyu², duk⁶ lap⁶ zi⁶ zyu²
    • Yale: duhk laahp jih jyú, duhk lahp jih jyú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹ laap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy², duk⁹ lap⁹ dzi⁶ dzy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶ lab⁶ ji⁶ ju², dug⁶ leb⁶ ji⁶ ju²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚² laːp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/, /tʊk̚² lɐp̚² t͡siː²² t͡syː³⁵/

Idiom

獨立自主

1. to be independent and one's own master
2. to pursue a foreign policy of peaceful development, autonomy and self-reliance

Related terms

• 中間地帶／中间地带 (zhōngjiān dìdài)
• 一條線／一条线 (yītiáoxiàn)

References

• Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “十六大后中国“独立自主”外交政策的不变与变”, in www.wutnews.net‎^[1] (in Mandarin), 2007 December 15 (last accessed)