祭祀

Chinese

		offer sacrifice; hold memorial service	offer sacrifice to
trad. (祭祀)		祭	祀
simp. #(祭祀)		祭	祀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìsì

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³ zi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi-sṳ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chè-sīr / chè-sū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zi³ se⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìsì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìsìh
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴-ssŭ⁴
    • Yale: jì-sz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsyh
    • Palladius: цзисы (czisy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zai³ zi⁶
    • Yale: jai jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zei³ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡siː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ji sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ji⁴ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sīr
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-sīr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sū
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeasu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zi³ se⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tsjejH ziX

Rime
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子例切	詳里切
Baxter	tsjejH	ziX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇiH/	/zɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛiH/	/zɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæiH/	/zieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajH/	/zɨX/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛiH/	/ziəX/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛiH/	/zĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛiH/	/ziX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì	sì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai3	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]et-s  s-[ɢ]əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds  ljɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì	sì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjejH ›	‹ ziX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]et-s/	/*s-[ɢ]əʔ/
English	sacrifice	sacrifice; year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	5839	12008
Phonetic component	祭	巳
Rime group	祭	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	祭	似
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleds/	/*ljɯʔ/

Verb

祭祀

1. to offer sacrifices (to gods, one's ancestors, etc.); to honor; to worship (by a service or rite)

Synonyms

• 享祭 (xiǎngjì) (literary)
• 供奉 (gòngfèng)
• 吉禮／吉礼 (jílǐ) (literary)
• 奉祀 (fèngsì)
• 服侍 (Hokkien)
• 獻祭／献祭 (xiànjì) (literary)
• 祭獻／祭献 (jìxiàn) (literary)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (祭祀):

• → Japanese: 祭(さい)祀(し) (saishi)
• → Korean: 제사(祭祀) (jesa)
• → Vietnamese: tế tự (祭祀)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
祭	祀
さい Grade: 3	し Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​いし [sáꜜìshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠iɕi]

Noun

祭(さい)祀(し) • (saishi) 

1. ritual

Korean

Hanja in this term
祭	祀

Noun

祭祀 • (jesa) (hangeul 제사)

1. Hanja form^? of 제사 (“Jesa”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
祭	祀

Verb

祭祀

1. chữ Hán form of tế tự (“to offer sacrifices; to worship”).