肝膽

Chinese

		liver	the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder
trad. (肝膽)		肝	膽
simp. (肝胆)		肝	胆

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāndǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ ㄉㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ daam²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-tám / kan-táⁿ / koaⁿ-táⁿ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāndǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ ㄉㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gandǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹-tan³
    • Yale: gān-dǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gandaan
    • Palladius: ганьдань (ganʹdanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gon¹ daam²
    • Yale: gōn dáam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ daam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ dam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ taːm³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-tám
    • Tâi-lô: kan-tám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kandarm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tam⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-táⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kan-tánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kandvar
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tã⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-táⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuann-tánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'dvar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁵³/

Noun

肝膽

1. (literally) liver and gallbladder

   • 忘其肝膽，遺其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     忘其肝胆，遗其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translation from The Complete Works Of Chuang Tzu (2013), by Burton Watson

     Wàng qí gāndǎn, yí qí ěrmù,...... [Pinyin]

     They forget the liver and gall, cast aside the ears and eyes, [...]

2. (figurative) openheartedness; sincerity
3. (figurative) heroic spirit; courage
4. (figurative) intimacy

Derived terms

• 互託肝膽／互托肝胆
• 披瀝肝膽／披沥肝胆
• 披露肝膽／披露肝胆
• 有肝膽／有肝胆
• 肝膽塗地／肝胆涂地
• 肝膽楚越／肝胆楚越
• 肝膽照人／肝胆照人
• 肝膽相照／肝胆相照 (gāndǎnxiāngzhào)
• 肝膽胡越／肝胆胡越

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (肝膽):

• → Korean: 간담(肝膽) (gandam)
• → Vietnamese: can đảm (肝膽)