膨らむ

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Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
膨
ふく
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
脹らむ

Etymology[edit]

First cited to the mid-800s.[1]

From 膨, 脹 (fukura, “a bulge, a swelling”) +‎ む (-mu, suffix indicating “looks like, seems like”). The fukura portion is in turn from now-archaic verb 膨る, 脹る (fukuru, “to swell, to bulge”), superseded by modern 膨れる, 脹れる (fukureru) of the same meaning.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "膨らむ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		膨らむ ふくらむ [fùkúrámú]
Imperative (命令形) 膨らめ ふくらめ [fùkúrámé]
Key constructions
Passive 膨らまれる ふくらまれる [fùkúrámárérú]
Causative 膨らませる ふくらませる [fùkúrámásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 膨らもう ふくらも​ー [fùkúrámóꜜò]
Negative 膨らまない ふくらまない [fùkúrámánáí]
Negative perfective 膨らまなかった ふくらまな​かった [fùkúrámánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 膨らみます ふくらみま​す [fùkúrámímáꜜsù]
Perfective 膨らんだ ふくらんだ [fùkúráńdá]
Conjunctive 膨らんで ふくらんで [fùkúráńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 膨らめば ふくらめ​ば [fùkúráméꜜbà]

Verb[edit]

膨(ふく)らむ • (fukuramu) intransitive godan (stem 膨(ふく)らみ (fukurami), past 膨(ふく)らんだ (fukuranda))

  1. to swell, to expand, to get bigger

Usage notes[edit]

The intransitive verb 膨らむ (fukuramu) is used to describe something that happens naturally of its own accord, generally with a positive sense.

  • 蕾(つぼみ)が膨(ふく)らむ、夢(ゆめ)が膨(ふく)らむ、胸(むね)が〔幸(しあわ)せなどで〕膨(ふく)らむ
    tsubomi ga fukuramu, yume ga fukuramu, mune ga 〔shiawase nado de〕 fukuramu
    the buds swell, one's dreams grow bigger, one's chest swells [with joy, etc.]

The synonym 膨れる (fukureru) is used to describe something that happens due to an abnormality or external force, not necessarily with a positive sense.

  • パンが膨(ふく)れる、躯(むくろ)が膨(ふく)れる、頬(ほお)が膨(ふく)れる
    pan ga fukureru, mukuro ga fukureru, hō ga fukureru
    the bread rises, the corpse bloats, one's cheeks puff up (→ one pouts or sulks)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "膨らむ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 膨らま ふくらま fukurama
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 膨らみ ふくらみ fukurami
Shūshikei ("terminal") 膨らむ ふくらむ fukuramu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 膨らむ ふくらむ fukuramu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 膨らめ ふくらめ fukurame
Meireikei ("imperative") 膨らめ ふくらめ fukurame
Key constructions
Passive 膨らまれる ふくらまれる fukuramareru
Causative 膨らませる
膨らます 		ふくらませる
ふくらます 		fukuramaseru
fukuramasu
Potential 膨らめる ふくらめる fukurameru
Volitional 膨らもう ふくらもう fukuramō
Negative 膨らまない ふくらまない fukuramanai
Negative continuative 膨らまず ふくらまず fukuramazu
Formal 膨らみます ふくらみます fukuramimasu
Perfective 膨らんだ ふくらんだ fukuranda
Conjunctive 膨らんで ふくらんで fukurande
Hypothetical conditional 膨らめば ふくらめば fukurameba

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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