自足

Chinese

		self	sufficient
simp. and trad. (自足)		自	足

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zìzú

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄗㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ zuk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-chiuk
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ zog⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zìzú
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄗㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìhzú
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-tsu²
    • Yale: dz̀-dzú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhtzwu
    • Palladius: цзыцзу (czyczu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi⁶ zuk¹
    • Yale: jih jūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ dzuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ zug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-chiuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii jiug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ jiug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡si̯uk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ze⁶ zog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ tsok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sok̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzijH tsjowk

Rime
Character	自	足
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	鍾 (8)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	即玉切
Baxter	dzijH	tsjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪH/	/t͡sɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziH/	/t͡siok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪH/	/t͡siok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziH/	/t͡suawk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ziH/	/t͡siok̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ziH/	/t͡sĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiH/	/t͡si̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	zu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi6	zuk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[b]i[t]-s  [ts]ok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljids  ʔsoɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	自	足
Reading #	1/2	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zì	zú
Middle Chinese	‹ dzijH ›	‹ tsjowk ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/	/*[ts]ok/
English	self (adv.)	sufficient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	自	足
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	17879	17925
Phonetic component	自	足
Rime group	至	屋
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	自	足
Old Chinese	/*ɦljids/	/*ʔsoɡ/

Verb

自足

1. to feel complacent; to feel smug; to be pleased with oneself; to congratulate oneself; to pat oneself on the back; to be self-satisfied; to be self-congratulatory

   道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
   道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]

   Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.

2. to be self-sufficient; to be self-reliant

Synonyms

• (feel complacent): 沾沾自喜 (zhānzhānzìxǐ)
• (self-sufficient): 自給自足／自给自足 (zìjǐzìzú)

Derived terms

• 自給自足／自给自足 (zìjǐzìzú)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	足
じ Grade: 2	そく Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じそく [jìsókú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) じ​そく [jíꜜsòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiso̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

自(じ)足(そく) • (jisoku) 

1. self-sufficiency, to be satisfied with oneself

Verb

自(じ)足(そく)する • (jisoku suru) transitive suru (stem 自(じ)足(そく)し (jisoku shi), past 自(じ)足(そく)した (jisoku shita))

1. to be self-sufficient

Conjugation

Conjugation of "自足する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	自足し	じそくし	jisoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	自足し	じそくし	jisoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	自足する	じそくする	jisoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	自足する	じそくする	jisoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	自足すれ	じそくすれ	jisoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	自足せよ¹ 自足しろ²	じそくせよ¹ じそくしろ²	jisoku seyo¹ jisoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	自足される	じそくされる	jisoku sareru
Causative	自足させる 自足さす	じそくさせる じそくさす	jisoku saseru jisoku sasu
Potential	自足できる	じそくできる	jisoku dekiru
Volitional	自足しよう	じそくしよう	jisoku shiyō
Negative	自足しない	じそくしない	jisoku shinai
Negative continuative	自足せず	じそくせず	jisoku sezu
Formal	自足します	じそくします	jisoku shimasu
Perfective	自足した	じそくした	jisoku shita
Conjunctive	自足して	じそくして	jisoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	自足すれば	じそくすれば	jisoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative