饑

See also: 饥

饑 U+9951, 饑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9951 ← 饐 [U+9950] CJK Unified Ideographs 饒 → [U+9952]

Translingual

Han character

饑 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+12, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人戈女戈戈 (OIVII), four-corner 8275₃, composition ⿰飠幾)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1425, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44397
• Dae Jaweon: page 1951, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4475, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9951

Chinese

trad.		饑
simp.		饥*
alternative forms		飢／饥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (幾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
機	*kɯl
譏	*kɯl
嘰	*kɯl
磯	*kɯl
鞿	*kɯl
饑	*kɯl
禨	*kɯl, *kɯls
幾	*kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls
鐖	*kɯl
僟	*kɯl
璣	*kɯl
蟣	*kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl
穖	*kɯlʔ
畿	*ɡɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 食 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹
    • Yale: gēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
    • Tâi-lô: ki
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kj+j

Rime
Character	饑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居依切
Baxter	kj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj/
Li Rong	/kiəi/
Wang Li	/kĭəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ke̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[j]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	饑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*kə[j]/
English	famine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	饑
Reading #	1/1
No.	5793
Phonetic component	幾
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	機
Old Chinese	/*kɯl/

Definitions

饑

1. crop failure; famine; a year in which harvest is poor

   • 昔周饑，克殷而年豐。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     昔周饥，克殷而年丰。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

     Xī Zhōu jī, kè Yīn ér nián fēng. [Pinyin]

     “Formerly, when there was a famine in Zhou, they overcame Yin [Shang] and the harvest became abundant.

2. Alternative form of 飢／饥 (“hunger”)

Compounds

• 積穀防饑／积谷防饥 (jīgǔfángjī)
• 饑民／饥民
• 饑荒／饥荒 (jīhuāng)
• 饑饉／饥馑 (jījǐn)

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04612

Japanese

Kanji

饑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): き (ki)
• Kun: うえる (ueru, 饑える)^{←うゑる (uweru, 饑ゑる, historical)}; ひだるい (hidarui, 饑い)

Korean

Hanja

饑 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Vietnamese

Han character

饑: Hán Nôm readings: cơ

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