Egyptian [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] Etymology 1 [ edit ] Possibly related to Arabic عَابَ ( ʕāba , “ to shame, to disgrace ” ) .
2-lit.
( transitive ) dirty or impure , to pollute Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of ꜥb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜥb , geminated stem: ꜥbb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜥb ꜥbw , ꜥb ꜥbt ꜥb , j.ꜥb ꜥb , j.ꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜥb ḥr ꜥb m ꜥb r ꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜥb.n ꜥbw , ꜥb consecutive
ꜥb.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜥbt
perfective 3
ꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
ꜥb.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜥb , j.ꜥb 1 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜥb ꜥbb potentialis1
ꜥb.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜥb , j.ꜥb 1 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜥb.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
ꜥb active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜥb ꜥbb , ꜥbbj 6 , ꜥb 2 , ꜥbw 2 5 , ꜥby 2 5
imperfective
j.ꜥb 1 , ꜥb , ꜥby , ꜥbw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 j.ꜥb 1 , j.ꜥbw 1 5 , ꜥb , ꜥbj 6 , ꜥby 6 ꜥb , ꜥbw 5
prospective
ꜥb , ꜥbtj 7 —
ꜥbtj 4 , ꜥbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Derived terms [ edit ] Etymology 2 [ edit ] m
horn flank (of an army )Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of ꜥb (masculine)
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥb
m
horned crocodile Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of ꜥb (masculine)
References [ edit ] James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN pages 150, 335, 457 Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN page 176.1 
